Abou Gabal Ashgan E, Khalid Ahmed E, Mehareb Eid M E, Elfaramawy Asmaa M M, Haraz Asmaa S M
Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 22 Tag El-Roasa St., Saba Pacha, Boulkly, P.O. Box: 21531, Alexandria, Egypt.
Breeding and Genetic Department, Sugar Crops Research Institute (SCRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 9 El-Gamaa St., Giza, 12619, Egypt.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 May 25;52(1):504. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10592-2.
In this study, we assess how well 10 types of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) can handle drought and produce sugar based on water loss from the crop to help with future breeding programs. The experiment entails subjecting the plants at 120 days after planting them in the greenhouse for two seasons to water treatments, using three levels of irrigation stress for the plants, and some morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters were studied, and finally, we employed gene expression techniques such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR).
Ten sugarcane genotypes were exposed to three stressed water treatments in the current investigation based on crop evapotranspiration. The results demonstrated that morphological measurements revealed highly significant variations in the majority of genotypes under the most severe water deficit stress, which was 62.5% of ET. Significant variations are evident in physiological parameters (relative water content and chlorophyll), with the majority of genotypes exhibiting high values for the parameters under investigation (G.2000-3 and G.2004-27). For biochemical measurements, the genotypes with the highest excellent values were G.2003-49 and G.2000-3 for peroxidase and G.84-47 for proline concentration and total phenolic compounds. However, at the molecular level, the genotypes K.81113 and G.2004-27 outperformed the others in sustaining an increase in sucrose synthase and proline oxidase (POX). Regarding sugarcane production and yield components, the genotype that was most tolerant under the maximum stressed irrigation level of 62.5% of ET was G.99-103. This genotype exhibited good values for the examined parameters under all stressed conditions, including 1 (ScSuSy1) gene. Genotypes G.2009-11, G.2003-47, G.2003-49, and M.35-15 contributed the most to principal component analysis, accounting for 62.5% of ET.
The most promising genotypes for drought tolerance, increased capacity for sucrose accumulation, and potential application in breeding programs are G.2004-27, K.81113, G.2000-3, G.99-103, and G.2009-11, based on all the data obtained at all the parameters evaluated.
在本研究中，我们基于作物水分流失情况评估了10种甘蔗（甘蔗属）应对干旱及产糖的能力，以助力未来的育种计划。该实验包括在温室中种植植物120天后，对其进行两个季节的水分处理，采用三种灌溉胁迫水平，研究了一些形态、生理和生化参数，最后，我们采用了定量实时聚合酶链反应（Q-RT-PCR）等基因表达技术。
在本次调查中，基于作物蒸散量，对10个甘蔗基因型进行了三种水分胁迫处理。结果表明，形态学测量显示，在最严重的水分亏缺胁迫（即蒸散量的62.5%）下，大多数基因型存在极显著差异。生理参数（相对含水量和叶绿素）也有显著差异，大多数基因型在被调查参数（G.2000 - 3和G.2004 - 27）上表现出较高值。对于生化测量，过氧化物酶方面表现最优的基因型是G.2003 - 49和G.2000 - ...
