Sha Huiyang, Lan Xiaolin, Yang Zhiyu, Lv Chen, Zhang Hang, Luo Qin, Zheng Yajie, Li Gan, Kong Weili, Huang Liangzong, Ma Jun, Zhao Mengmeng
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China.
Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 May 26;21(1):374. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04685-0.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is characterized by a high mutation rate. Although research has largely focused on PRRSV-2, the detection rate of PRRSV-1 in China is increasing. To investigate the prevalence and genetic variation of NSP4, a key gene in the regulation of host immunity, in PRRSV-1 in China, publicly available whole-genome sequence data and NSP4 sequences were obtained for analyses of nucleotide and amino acid homology, substitutions, and phylogenetic relationships.
The nucleotide homology of NSP4 between 32 PRRSV-1 and 8 PRRSV-2 strains ranged from 57.3 to 62.4%, and the amino acid homology ranged from 58.6 to 64.5%. Among the 32 PRRSV-1 strains, the nucleotide homology of NSP4 ranged from 75.4 to 100.0% and the amino acid homology ranged from 81.3 to 100.0%. Comparisons of NSP4 amino acid sequences of 32 PRRSV-1 and 8 PRRSV-2 strains revealed a deletion at the 83rd amino acid residue in PRRSV-1 and mutations at various amino acid residues. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the PRRSV-1 strains isolated in China clustered into four subgroups of Subtype I Global: Amervac-like, BJEU06-1-like, HKEU16-like, and NMEU09-1-like strains.
PRRSV-1 NSP4 exhibits similarities to Subtype I Global strains and clusters into four subgroups. Although it differs from PRRSV-2 NSP4 with a deletion in the 83rd amino acid residue, the amino acid residues of the catalytic triad are conserved. These findings have important implications for the development of secure and reliable detection methods as well as new drugs and vaccines and are expected to guide further research on PRRSV-1.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）具有高突变率的特点。尽管研究主要集中在PRRSV - 2，但PRRSV - 1在中国的检出率正在上升。为了调查中国PRRSV - 1中宿主免疫调节关键基因NSP4的流行情况和遗传变异，获取了公开可用的全基因组序列数据和NSP4序列，以分析核苷酸和氨基酸同源性、替换情况以及系统发育关系。
32株PRRSV - 1和8株PRRSV - 2毒株之间NSP4的核苷酸同源性在57.3%至62.4%之间，氨基酸同源性在58.6%至64.5%之间。在32株PRRSV - 1毒株中，NSP4的核苷酸同源性在75.4%至100.0%之间，氨基酸同源性在81.3%至100.0%之间。对32株PRRSV - 1和8株PRRSV - 2毒株的NSP4氨基酸序列进行比较，发现PRRSV - 1的第83个氨基酸残基处有一个缺失，并且在不同氨基酸残基处存在突变。系统发育分析表明，在中国分离的PRRSV - 1毒株聚为全球I型的四个亚组：Amervac样、BJEU06 - 1样、HKEU16样和NMEU09 - 1样毒株。
PRRSV - 1 NSP4与全球I型毒株表现出相似性，并聚为四个亚组。尽管它与PRRSV - 2 NSP4在第83个氨基酸残基处存在缺失不同，但催化三联体的氨基酸残基是保守的。这些发现对于开发安全可靠的检测方法以及新药物和疫苗具有重要意义，并有望指导对PRRSV - 1的进一步研究。
