Rahman Md Mahfuzur, Ahmed Khandaker Asif, Rabbane Md Golam, Alam Mohammad Shamimul
Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh.
CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP) East Geelong Victoria Australia.
Ecol Evol. 2025 May 25;15(5):e71480. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71480. eCollection 2025 May.
Conservation strategies often overlook genetic diversity, which is essential for biodiversity preservation and species adaptability. Efforts are minimal for low-income countries like Bangladesh. The current study assessed the population variances of , a commercially important freshwater fish of Bangladesh, to find the impact of historical policy efforts in conserving diversity. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial gene () of 137 samples, originating from three major rivers (Padma, Jamuna, and Halda) and from randomly sampled cultured individuals, were analyzed. Significant differentiation was detected among the groups, with most genetic variation (90.35%) within groups. Eleven haplotypes were identified, including the most frequent haplotype (Hap1BD, 107/137). The geographically isolated Halda subpopulation, with earlier stronger conservation policy, displayed the highest haplotype (0.494) and nucleotide diversities (0.00133) compared to those of the Padma and Jamuna. The culture group also showed distinct diversity and haplotype patterns, which indicate an admixture of fishes from different sources, including the Halda subpopulation. Pair-wise FST analysis indicated minimal genetic divergence between the Padma and Jamuna samples (FST = 0.00376), reflecting their geographical connections and moderate conservation strategies. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses revealed two distinct genetic clusters, with Jamuna and Padma clustering separately from the Halda subpopulation. Relatively lower effective population size estimation in both Padma and Jamuna could be a reflection of the loose conservation policy on these two rivers. This connection between conservation rules and genetic diversity in the Halda and other rivers indicates that conservation policy efforts, besides many other factors, might impact genetic variability, offering hope for future biodiversity conservation.
保护策略往往忽视遗传多样性，而遗传多样性对于生物多样性保护和物种适应性至关重要。对于像孟加拉国这样的低收入国家，这方面的努力微乎其微。本研究评估了孟加拉国一种具有商业重要性的淡水鱼的种群差异，以探究历史政策举措在保护多样性方面的影响。分析了来自三条主要河流（帕德玛河、贾木纳河和哈尔达河）以及随机抽样的养殖个体的137个样本的线粒体基因（）的部分序列。检测到群体间存在显著差异，大部分遗传变异（90.35%）存在于群体内部。共鉴定出11种单倍型，其中最常见的单倍型为Hap1BD（107/137）。与帕德玛河和贾木纳河相比，地理上孤立且早期保护政策更强的哈尔达河亚种群显示出最高的单倍型多样性（0.494）和核苷酸多样性（0.00133）。养殖群体也呈现出独特的多样性和单倍型模式，这表明存在来自不同来源的鱼类混合情况，包括哈尔达河亚种群。成对FST分析表明，帕德玛河和贾木纳河样本之间的遗传分化极小（FST = 0.00376），这反映了它们的地理联系以及适度的保护策略。系统发育和单倍型网络分析揭示了两个不同的遗传簇，贾木纳河和帕德玛河的样本与哈尔达河亚种群分别聚类。帕德玛河和贾木纳河相对较低的有效种群大小估计可能反映了这两条河流上宽松的保护政策。哈尔达河和其他河流在保护规则与遗传多样性之间的这种联系表明，除许多其他因素外，保护政策举措可能会影响遗传变异性，为未来的生物多样性保护带来了希望。
