Mekonnen Demeke, Ren Claire B, Mercado Jorge, Garcia-Ruiz Victoria, Kurmann Reto, Zürcher Fabian, Krähenmann Peter, Llerena Nassip, Torres Pedro, Pilgrim Thomas, Spitzer Ernest
Cardialysis, Westblaak 98, 3012KM Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Cardiology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract. 2025 May 5;3(1):qyaf053. doi: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyaf053. eCollection 2025 Jan.
This study aimed to establish 2D and M-mode echocardiographic reference values for cardiac chambers, outflow tracts, and great vessels for school children living at high altitudes, differentiated between males and females.
This analysis included children with normal echocardiography from a cluster randomized cross-sectional survey of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Peru. The echocardiograms were acquired with a portable machine and the images were analysed centrally with a standardized methodology. Body surface area (BSA) was used as an independent variable to predict the mean values of echocardiographic measurements for both male and female groups. Reference values are presented on z-scores and nomograms based on sex. Propensity score matching was used to compare sexes. A total of 985 students aged 5-16 years were included. The Haycock formula provided the best fit and was used when presenting data as predicted values for a given BSA. The z-score and nomograms for all essential parameters of cardiac chambers, great vessels, and functional surrogates are presented based on sex. The majority of the parameters were significantly different per sex after propensity score matching.
Normal reference values and nomograms of cardiac chambers, outflow tracts, and great arteries in healthy school children living at high altitudes based on sex were reported. These data partly addressed the existing gaps in paediatric echocardiographic nomograms.
本研究旨在为生活在高海拔地区的学龄儿童建立心脏腔室、流出道和大血管的二维及M型超声心动图参考值，并区分男女。
本分析纳入了来自秘鲁学龄儿童风湿性心脏病整群随机横断面调查中超声心动图正常的儿童。使用便携式机器采集超声心动图，并采用标准化方法进行集中图像分析。以体表面积（BSA）作为自变量来预测男性和女性组超声心动图测量的平均值。参考值以z分数和基于性别的列线图呈现。采用倾向得分匹配法比较性别。共纳入985名5 - 16岁的学生。Haycock公式拟合效果最佳，在将数据呈现为给定BSA的预测值时使用该公式。基于性别给出了心脏腔室、大血管和功能替代指标所有基本参数的z分数和列线图。倾向得分匹配后，大多数参数在性别上存在显著差异。
报告了生活在高海拔地区的健康学龄儿童基于性别的心脏腔室、流出道和大动脉的正常参考值和列线图。这些数据部分填补了儿科超声心动图列线图的现有空白。
