[The research program in precision psychiatry (PEPR PROPSY), issues and challenges].

Current psychiatry, based on categorical descriptions of diagnostic entities, defined by international diagnostic manuals, is moving from this "one size fits all" strategy to a "precision psychiatry" that aims to be clinically informed by a dimensional, transdiagnostic perspective enriched by the use of objective, quantifiable and continuous markers such as omics, brain imaging, environmental and lifestyle variability of each individual. By recognizing the heterogeneity of existing categorical diagnostic entities, determined by the underlying biology, this approach aims to improve patient care. Precision medicine can be used to characterize and identify individuals with or at risk for a disorder, predict their prognosis, and make more specific choices of treatment strategies such as medications, psychological interventions, lifestyle rules, and/or brain stimulation, thereby improving prognosis and cost-effectiveness of the treatments.