Dionísio Tiago, Brandão Pedro, Machado Vanessa, Botelho João, Mendes José João, Fonte Pedro
Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2025 Aug;22(8):1117-1136. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2025.2511963. Epub 2025 May 30.
Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for developing new biomedical materials and improving existing dental techniques, particularly in endodontics. Advances in antibacterial nanoformulations could revolutionize root canal treatment by overcoming challenges such as anatomical complexity, bacterial biofilms, and disinfectant resistance. Nanoparticles in disinfectants and sealers enhance infection control, while in regenerative therapies, they aid in bioactive compound release and scaffold enhancement.
This review explores recent research developments in antibacterial nanoformulations tailored for endodontic applications. It covers the principles of endodontic therapy, current protocols, efficacy rates, limitations, and the potential benefits and drawbacks of nanoparticle integration. Additionally, it discusses different nanoparticle types, their efficacy, biocompatibility, and mechanisms of action against endodontic pathogens. The references examined in this review are primarily drawn from studies conducted over the last decade, ensuring an up-to-date perspective on the topic.
We provide an overview of the transformative potential of antibacterial nanoformulations in endodontics, highlighting their advantages over conventional methods, which often show low effectiveness against endodontic flora, application challenges, and high reactivity with biological tissues. Chitosan, silver, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles have shown strong antimicrobial activity and superior dentinal penetration. Integration into irrigants, sealers, and regenerative scaffolds, enhance efficacy while maintaining or improving material properties. Ongoing research is essential to optimize their design, ensure safety, and support regulatory approval. These innovations may redefine clinical standards and improve treatment outcomes in endodontics.
纳米技术为开发新型生物医学材料和改进现有牙科技术提供了一条有前景的途径，尤其是在牙髓病学领域。抗菌纳米制剂的进展可能会通过克服诸如解剖结构复杂性、细菌生物膜和消毒剂耐药性等挑战，彻底改变根管治疗。消毒剂和封闭剂中的纳米颗粒可增强感染控制，而在再生治疗中，它们有助于生物活性化合物的释放和支架的强化。
本综述探讨了针对牙髓病应用量身定制的抗菌纳米制剂的最新研究进展。它涵盖了牙髓病治疗的原理、当前方案、有效率、局限性以及纳米颗粒整合的潜在益处和缺点。此外，还讨论了不同类型的纳米颗粒、它们的功效、生物相容性以及对牙髓病病原体的作用机制。本综述中查阅的参考文献主要来自过去十年进行的研究，以确保对该主题有最新的观点。
我们概述了抗菌纳米制剂在牙髓病学中的变革潜力，强调了它们相对于传统方法的优势，传统方法往往对牙髓菌群有效性低、存在应用挑战且与生物组织反应性高。壳聚糖、银和聚乳酸 - 乙醇酸纳米颗粒已显示出强大的抗菌活性和优异的牙本质渗透性。将其整合到冲洗剂、封闭剂和再生支架中，可提高疗效，同时保持或改善材料性能。持续的研究对于优化其设计、确保安全性和支持监管批准至关重要。这些创新可能会重新定义临床标准并改善牙髓病学的治疗效果。
