Murahata Honoka, Nakamura Kotone, Imai Eri
Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan.
Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan. Email:
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2025 Jun;34(3):386-396. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202506_34(3).0013.
Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition. In Japan, a meal combining staple food, main dish, and side dish is considered a balanced diet. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of meals combining staple food, main dish, and side dish associated with nutrient adequacy.
This cross-sectional study included 6,264 adults. All data were obtained from the 2015 Health and Nutrition Survey in Shiga prefecture. Staple food, main dish, and side dish were each defined as a dish with primary ingredients of ≥50 g. Regarding the frequency, participants were divided into ≥2 and <2 times/d groups. The nutrient adequacy evaluated using the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020 (DRIs-J) score is based on the reference values provided in the DRIs-J. The t-test was used to evaluate nutrient adequacy between the 2 groups.
Of the total participants, only 1,423 (22.7%) were classified into the ≥2 times/d group, and they had significantly higher DRIs-J scores than participants in the <2 times/d group (p < 0.001). The adequacy percentage of all nutrients except saturated fatty acid, particularly dietary fiber and most micronutrients, was > 1.5-fold higher in the ≥2 times/d group than in the <2 times/d group (p < 0.001).
This study provides important information that meals combining staple food, main dish, and side dish at least twice a day is effective in maintaining a diet with high nutrient adequacy.
摄入能确保充足营养摄入的饮食对于解决所有形式的营养不良至关重要。在日本，一顿包含主食、主菜和配菜的餐食被视为均衡饮食。本研究旨在调查与营养充足相关的主食、主菜和配菜搭配的用餐频率。
这项横断面研究纳入了6264名成年人。所有数据均来自2015年滋贺县健康与营养调查。主食、主菜和配菜均被定义为主要食材≥50克的菜肴。关于频率，参与者被分为每天≥2次和<2次两组。使用《2020年日本膳食营养素参考摄入量》（DRIs-J）评分评估的营养充足性是基于DRIs-J中提供的参考值。采用t检验评估两组之间的营养充足性。
在所有参与者中，只有1423人（22.7%）被归类为每天≥2次组，他们的DRIs-J评分显著高于每天<2次组的参与者（p<0.001）。除饱和脂肪酸外，所有营养素的充足率，尤其是膳食纤维和大多数微量营养素，在每天≥2次组中比每天<2次组高1.5倍以上（p<0.001）。
本研究提供了重要信息，即每天至少两次将主食、主菜和配菜搭配食用，对于维持高营养充足性的饮食是有效的。
