Li Xinyue, Ding Lu, Nie Hong, Deng David Y B
Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Mol Neurobiol. 2025 May 26. doi: 10.1007/s12035-025-05055-5.
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to their extensive processes, they can interconnect with many neighboring cells and play critical roles in regulating synaptic plasticity, integrating neuronal signals, and maintaining the stability of the extracellular environment. These functions are largely dependent on calcium (Ca) signaling. In light of these considerations, the powerful functions of Ca signaling in astrocytes have been actively studied in recent years. This review summarizes the mechanisms related to Ca waves in astrocytes as well as their physiological and pathological functions mediated by various calcium signaling, the characteristics of calcium waves, and the role of Ca in astrocytes in the CNS injuries of spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) recently. However, inhibited L-type voltage-gated Ca channels (LTCCs) activity and reduced Ca concentration result in an opposite phenomenon that promoting or reducing astrogliosis. This highlights the importance of focusing not only on Ca⁺ concentration but also on the downstream signaling pathways initiated by Ca⁺. Therefore, we summarize diverse signaling pathways in various physiological and pathological contexts.
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）中数量最多的神经胶质细胞。由于其广泛的突起，它们可以与许多相邻细胞相互连接，并在调节突触可塑性、整合神经元信号以及维持细胞外环境的稳定性方面发挥关键作用。这些功能在很大程度上依赖于钙（Ca）信号传导。鉴于这些因素，近年来人们积极研究了星形胶质细胞中钙信号传导的强大功能。本综述总结了与星形胶质细胞中钙波相关的机制，以及由各种钙信号介导的其生理和病理功能、钙波的特征，以及最近钙在脊髓损伤（SCI）和创伤性脑损伤（TBI）等中枢神经系统损伤中星形胶质细胞中的作用。然而，L型电压门控钙通道（LTCCs）活性受到抑制和钙浓度降低会导致促进或减少星形胶质细胞增生的相反现象。这突出了不仅关注Ca⁺浓度，还关注由Ca⁺引发的下游信号通路的重要性。因此，我们总结了各种生理和病理背景下的不同信号通路。
