Jiang Qiuyu, Huang Bingjian, Chen Simiao, Zhao Lihua, Ban Zhibin, Zhang Bingkun
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2025 May 26;16(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s40104-025-01204-x.
Intestinal inflammation is an energy-consuming process that may alter energy supply and demand in poultry. During inflammation, the intestinal energy metabolic profile and the patterns of energy partitioning remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of intestinal inflammation on energy intake, heat production (HP), retained energy (RE) and intestinal energy metabolites in layer pullets.
After 7 d dietary adaption, 32 "Jing Tint 6" layer pullets with average body weight (1,123.50 ± 8.55 g) were selected from 96 birds, and randomly assigned to two groups (CON: Control group, INFL: Inflammation group) with 8 replicates per group. Indirect calorimetry analysis was conducted over 7 d to determine HP and fasting HP (FHP). During this period, pullets in INFL group received 4 mL/d of 0.6 g/mL dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) via oral gavage to induce intestinal inflammation. After the calorimetry, intestinal tissues were collected post-euthanasia from one bird per replicate for morphological and mucosal metabolomic analysis.
Birds exhibited significantly lower apparent metabolizable energy (AME) intake (P < 0.001) during intestinal inflammation, accompanied by compromised RE and RE as fat (P < 0.001), suggesting that birds consumed body energy to sustain energy demands. Targeted metabolomic studies identified 11 energy metabolites differentially expressed in ileal mucosa between CON and INFL groups. Specifically, DSS induction significantly increased (P < 0.05) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and reduced (P < 0.001) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) level in ileal mucosa of pullets. In parallel, metabolic adaptations such as enhanced glycolytic intermediates, reduced amino acids, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) accumulation and suppressed expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were observed in the inflamed ileum of pullets.
Immune stimulation by DSS induced a negative energy balance in layer pullets, characterized by reduced AME intake (-190.47 kJ/kg BW) and compromised RE (-18.81% of AME intake). Disruption of intestinal energy profiling was observed in inflammation-challenged pullets, such as accumulation of α-KG and ATP, reduced NAD and amino acids, which could provide valuable insights for developing effective intervention strategies.
肠道炎症是一个消耗能量的过程，可能会改变家禽的能量供应和需求。在炎症期间，肠道能量代谢概况和能量分配模式仍不清楚。本研究调查了肠道炎症对蛋鸡能量摄入、产热（HP）、留存能量（RE）和肠道能量代谢物的影响。
经过7天的日粮适应期后，从96只鸡中挑选出32只平均体重为（1,123.50 ± 8.55 g）的“京粉6号”蛋鸡，并随机分为两组（CON：对照组，INFL：炎症组），每组8个重复。通过间接测热法分析7天，以确定HP和空腹HP（FHP）。在此期间，INFL组的蛋鸡通过灌胃每天接受4 mL 0.6 g/mL的葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）以诱导肠道炎症。测热结束后，每组从每个重复中选取一只鸡，处死后收集肠道组织进行形态学和黏膜代谢组学分析。
蛋鸡在肠道炎症期间表现出明显较低的表观代谢能（AME）摄入量（P < 0.001），同时RE和作为脂肪的RE受损（P < 0.001），这表明蛋鸡消耗身体能量来维持能量需求。靶向代谢组学研究确定了CON组和INFL组之间在回肠黏膜中差异表达的11种能量代谢物。具体而言，DSS诱导显著增加了（P < 0.05）蛋鸡回肠黏膜中的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）水平，并降低了（P < 0.001）烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）水平。同时，在蛋鸡发炎的回肠中观察到了代谢适应性变化，如糖酵解中间产物增加、氨基酸减少、α-酮戊二酸（α-KG）积累以及参与三羧酸（TCA）循环的酶编码基因的表达受到抑制。
DSS诱导的免疫刺激导致蛋鸡出现负能量平衡，其特征为AME摄入量降低（-190.47 kJ/kg体重）和RE受损（占AME摄入量的-18.81%）。在受到炎症挑战的蛋鸡中观察到肠道能量谱的破坏，如α-KG和ATP的积累、NAD和氨基酸的减少，这可为制定有效的干预策略提供有价值的见解。
