Edache Stephen, Dixon Andrea L, Oliveira Ana R S, Cohnstaedt Lee W, Mitzel Dana, Mire Chad E, Cernicchiaro Natalia
Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Parasit Vectors. 2025 May 26;18(1):191. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06843-7.
Japanese encephalitis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), transmitted primarily by mosquitoes of the Culex species. Amid the recent geographical expansion of JEV into Mainland Australia and the dramatic increase in research output, here we provide an update to our 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis, by appraising the scientific literature published from 2016 through 2023 and quantitatively summarizing the data from this update and the 2018 systematic review meta-analysis on vector competence for JEV.
A systematic review of the literature on JEV vector and host competence, published from 2016 through 2023, was performed. Bibliographic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Armed Forces Pest Management Board website were searched for relevant literature. Records were screened for relevance for vector competence, specifically: infection rate, dissemination rate, and transmission rate. To estimate the overall and subgroup effect sizes for each mosquito species, random-effects meta-analysis models were utilized. Meta-regression models were fit to evaluate the association between a priori variables-such as mosquito subfamily/tribe, routes of JEV administration for mosquito infection, incubation length, incubation temperatures, and diagnostic methods for JEV detection-and the outcomes of interest.
This study update includes 74 new reports, identifying 9-12 additional mosquito species as competent for JEV, depending on the specific outcome assessed. The overall JEV infection, dissemination, and transmission rates across all species and studies were 45.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 35.9-55.2%), 41.2% (95% CI 29.7-53.7%), and 22.7% (95% CI 14.6-33.4%), respectively. Among the subfamilies/tribes, Culicini had the highest infection (51.9%; 95% CI 39.2-64.4%) and transmission (27.8%; 95% CI 16.5-43.1%) rates. Meta-regressions showed mosquito subfamily/tribe was consistently associated with all the outcomes of interest, although the heterogeneity (I) between studies remained consistently high (I > 83.47).
The information presented in this study provides a quantitative summary update on vector competence for JEV. Vector competence data are necessary for risk assessment models, the development of mosquito and virus surveillance programs, and effective prevention and control strategies in regions currently affected by JEV and those at risk of incursion.
日本脑炎是一种由日本脑炎病毒（JEV）引起的新发人畜共患病，主要通过库蚊属蚊子传播。鉴于近期JEV在澳大利亚大陆的地理范围扩大以及研究产出的急剧增加，我们通过评估2016年至2023年发表的科学文献，并对此次更新以及2018年关于JEV媒介能力的系统评价和荟萃分析的数据进行定量总结，对我们2018年的系统评价和荟萃分析进行了更新。
对2016年至2023年发表的关于JEV媒介和宿主能力的文献进行了系统评价。在文献数据库、PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和武装部队害虫管理委员会网站上搜索相关文献。筛选记录以确定与媒介能力的相关性，具体为：感染率、传播率和传播速率。为了估计每种蚊子的总体和亚组效应大小，使用了随机效应荟萃分析模型。拟合荟萃回归模型以评估先验变量（如蚊子亚科/族、JEV感染的蚊子给药途径、孵育长度、孵育温度以及JEV检测的诊断方法）与感兴趣的结果之间的关联。
本研究更新包括74篇新报告，根据评估的具体结果，确定了另外9 - 12种能够传播JEV的蚊子。所有物种和研究的总体JEV感染率、传播率和传播速率分别为45.4%（95%置信区间（CI）35.9 - 55.2%）、41.2%（95% CI 29.7 - 53.7%）和22.7%（95% CI 14.6 - 33.4%）。在亚科/族中，库蚊亚科的感染率（51.9%；95% CI 39.2 - 64.4%）和传播率（27.8%；95% CI 16.5 - 43.1%）最高。荟萃回归显示，蚊子亚科/族与所有感兴趣的结果始终相关，尽管研究之间的异质性（I）一直很高（I > 83.47）。
本研究提供的信息对JEV媒介能力进行了定量总结更新。媒介能力数据对于风险评估模型、蚊子和病毒监测计划的制定以及当前受JEV影响地区和有入侵风险地区的有效预防和控制策略是必要的。
