Oliveira Ana R S, Strathe Erin, Etcheverry Luciana, Cohnstaedt Lee W, McVey D Scott, Piaggio José, Cernicchiaro Natalia
Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States.
Prev Vet Med. 2018 Jun 1;154:71-89. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.03.018. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a virus of the Flavivirus genus that may result in encephalitis in human hosts. This vector-borne zoonosis occurs in Eastern and Southeastern Asia and an intentional or inadvertent introduction into the United States (US) would have major public health and economic consequences. The objective of this study was to gather, appraise, and synthesize primary research literature to identify and quantify vector and host competence for JEV, using a systematic review (SR) of the literature. After defining the research question, we performed a search in selected electronic databases and journals. The title and abstract of the identified articles were screened for relevance using a set of exclusion and inclusion criteria, and relevant articles were subjected to a risk of bias assessment, followed by data extraction. Data were extracted from 171 peer-reviewed articles. Most studies were observational studies (59.1%) and reported vector competence (60.2%). The outcome measures reported pertained to transmission efficiency, host preference, and vector susceptibility to infection within vector competence; and susceptibility to infection within host competence. Regarding vector competence, the proportion of JEV infection reported across all 149 mosquito species in all observational studies ranged from 0 to 100%. In experimental studies, infection, dissemination, and transmission rates varied between 0 and 100%. Minimum infection rates (MIR) varied between 0 and 333.3 per 1000 mosquitoes. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) values ranged from 0 to 53.8 per 1000 mosquitoes. The host species in which mosquitoes mostly fed consisted of pigs and cattle (total of 84 blood meals taken by mosquitoes from each of these host species). As for host competence, the proportion of JEV infection varied between 0 (in rabbits, reptiles, and amphibians) and 88.9% (cattle). This SR presents comprehensive data on JEV vector and host competence, which can be used to quantify risks associated with the introduction of JEV into the US.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）是黄病毒属的一种病毒，可导致人类宿主发生脑炎。这种通过媒介传播的人畜共患病发生在东亚和东南亚地区，若有意或无意引入美国，将产生重大的公共卫生和经济后果。本研究的目的是收集、评估和综合原始研究文献，通过对文献的系统评价（SR）来识别和量化JEV的媒介和宿主能力。在确定研究问题后，我们在选定的电子数据库和期刊中进行了检索。使用一组排除和纳入标准筛选所识别文章的标题和摘要的相关性，对相关文章进行偏倚风险评估，随后进行数据提取。数据从171篇同行评审文章中提取。大多数研究为观察性研究（59.1%），并报告了媒介能力（60.2%）。所报告的结局指标涉及媒介能力范围内的传播效率、宿主偏好和媒介对感染的易感性；以及宿主能力范围内的感染易感性。关于媒介能力，在所有观察性研究中，149种蚊虫中报告的JEV感染比例在0至100%之间。在实验研究中，感染、传播和传播率在0至100%之间变化。每1000只蚊虫的最低感染率（MIR）在0至333.3之间变化。最大似然估计（MLE）值在每1000只蚊虫0至53.8之间。蚊虫吸食血液最多的宿主物种包括猪和牛（蚊虫从这两种宿主物种中各吸食了84次血液）。至于宿主能力，JEV感染比例在0（兔子、爬行动物和两栖动物）至88.9%（牛）之间变化。本系统评价提供了关于JEV媒介和宿主能力的全面数据，可用于量化与JEV引入美国相关的风险。
