Nagai Toshiki, Alfaraj Amal, Lin Wei-Shao
Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 May 20;13(5):220. doi: 10.3390/dj13050220.
To examine the effects of surface treatments on the color stability, surface roughness, surface gloss, and wettability of monolithic polychromatic material jetting (MJT) 3D-printed denture material. Twenty-one color variants of the same denture material (TrueDent; Stratasys, Eden, MN, USA) underwent two surface treatments (polishing only or polishing and glazing), creating 42 study groups with a total of 420 samples (n = 10 per group). The samples were manufactured using a PolyJet 3D printer (J5 DentaJet; Stratasys, Eden, MN, USA), a type of MJT 3D printer. Color measurements were taken with a digital spectrophotometer before and after the surface treatments, and quantitative color differences (ΔE and ΔC*) were calculated using the CIE2000 system. Comparisons of ΔE were made against the 50%:50% acceptability threshold (AT) of 1.8 and the 50%:50% perceptibility threshold (PT) of 0.8 for tooth shade, as well as the 50%:50% PT of 1.72 and the 50%:50% AT of 4.08 for gingival (pink) shade. After surface treatment, the gloss was measured using a glossmeter, surface roughness was measured with optical profilometry, and wettability was measured by contact angle measurements using an optical tensiometer. The significance of surface treatment on color changes for each color variant was evaluated using one-sided, one-sample -tests against the AT and PT. The effects of surface treatment on surface gloss, surface roughness, contact angle, and ΔC* were analyzed using -tests for each color variant. Pairwise comparisons between groups were made using Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences (α = 0.05). In most cases, glazing caused the color change (ΔE) to exceed the AT and PT, with a few exceptions. Most materials exhibited a more vibrant (more saturated) appearance and statistically higher chroma, with glazed surface treatments compared to polished ones, though there were some exceptions. For all materials, the glazed samples had significantly higher gloss units than the polished ones ( < 0.0001). Additionally, all materials showed significantly higher surface roughness in glazed samples compared to polished ones ( < 0.0001 for most). The polished samples had significantly higher contact angles ( < 0.0001 for most). Surface treatments significantly influenced the color, surface gloss, surface roughness, and wettability of MJT 3D-printed denture materials. Glazing led to increased chroma and gloss and produced more hydrophilic surfaces, although it also increased surface roughness. These results highlight the importance of surface treatment selection in optimizing the clinical performance of MJT-fabricated dentures.
为研究表面处理对整体式多色材料喷射（MJT）3D打印义齿材料的颜色稳定性、表面粗糙度、表面光泽度和润湿性的影响。对同一义齿材料（TrueDent；Stratasys，伊登，明尼苏达州，美国）的21种颜色变体进行了两种表面处理（仅抛光或抛光并上釉），创建了42个研究组，共420个样本（每组n = 10）。样本使用PolyJet 3D打印机（J5 DentaJet；Stratasys，伊登，明尼苏达州，美国）制造，这是一种MJT 3D打印机。在表面处理前后用数字分光光度计进行颜色测量，并使用CIE2000系统计算定量颜色差异（ΔE和ΔC*）。将ΔE与牙齿色泽的1.8的50%:50%可接受阈值（AT）和0.8的50%:50%可察觉阈值（PT）以及牙龈（粉红色）色泽的1.72的50%:50% PT和4.08的50%:50% AT进行比较。表面处理后，使用光泽仪测量光泽度，用光学轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度，并用光学张力仪通过接触角测量来测量润湿性。使用针对AT和PT的单侧单样本检验评估每种颜色变体表面处理对颜色变化的显著性。使用t检验分析每种颜色变体表面处理对表面光泽度、表面粗糙度、接触角和ΔC*的影响。组间两两比较采用Fisher保护最小显著差异法（α = 0.05）。在大多数情况下，上釉导致颜色变化（ΔE）超过AT和PT，但有一些例外。与抛光处理相比，大多数材料经上釉表面处理后呈现出更鲜艳（更饱和）的外观且色度在统计学上更高，不过也有一些例外。对于所有材料，上釉样本的光泽度单位显著高于抛光样本（P < 0.0001）。此外，与抛光样本相比，所有材料的上釉样本表面粗糙度均显著更高（大多数P < 0.0001）。抛光样本的接触角显著更高（大多数P < 0.0001）。表面处理显著影响了MJT 3D打印义齿材料的颜色、表面光泽度、表面粗糙度和润湿性。上釉导致色度和光泽度增加，并产生更亲水的表面，尽管它也增加了表面粗糙度。这些结果突出了在优化MJT制造的义齿临床性能方面选择表面处理的重要性。
