Alouthah Hesham, Lippert Frank, Yang Chao-Chieh, Levon John A, Lin Wei-Shao
Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, Advanced Education Program in Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry, and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
J Prosthodont. 2025 Jan;34(1):58-67. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13794. Epub 2023 Nov 29.
To investigate the effects of 4 denture base materials, 2 surface treatment protocols, and simulated brushing (SB) on the surface hardness, surface roughness, surface gloss, and the surface loss of denture base materials.
Four denture base resin material groups (compression-molded, injection-molded, 3D-printed, and milled) with two different surface treatment protocols (polished and glazed) were utilized in this study. A total of 80 samples (n = 10) were evaluated for surface hardness (Vickers) before SB. SB was performed for each sample (custom-built V8 cross brushing machine, 50,000 reciprocal strokes). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured before and after SB with a non-contact optical profilometer. Surface gloss was performed using a glossmeter to determine changes in surface reflectivity of the specimens before and after SB. Surface loss (wear resistance) was measured after SB using optical profilometry. The effects of material, surface treatment, and SB on all surface characteristics were examined with two-way and three-way analysis of variance models (ANOVA) (α = 0.05).
The polished compression-molded group had significantly higher surface hardness than all other groups. The protective glaze coating significantly increased the surface hardness for all groups (P < 0.001). SB increased the surface roughness of all groups regardless of surface treatments (P < 0.001). The increase in surface roughness after SB was significantly higher with polished surface treatment than with a glazed surface treatment in all groups (P < 0.001). Surface gloss was significantly higher with the glazed surface treatment than with the polished surface treatment for all denture base materials (P < 0.001). After SB, milled denture base material showed the highest, and 3D-printed material showed the second highest surface gloss compared to the other groups (P < 0.001), regardless of surface treatment. In all materials tested, surface glaze significantly decreased surface loss (P < 0.001). With the glaze surface treatment, compression-molded denture base material had significantly less surface loss (more surface gain) than other materials, while with the polished surface treatment, 3D-printed denture base material had the least surface loss when compared with other groups.
A single layer of nano-filled, light-polymerizing protective glaze coating has displayed potential for enhancing the longevity of denture base materials, as evidenced by increased hardness and wear resistance. Following simulated brushing, the milled denture material exhibited the highest surface gloss and lowest surface roughness among all groups, regardless of the surface treatment protocol. This indicates that milled denture base material possesses favorable surface properties and may serve as a viable alternative to traditional denture base materials.
研究4种义齿基托材料、2种表面处理方案以及模拟刷牙（SB）对义齿基托材料的表面硬度、表面粗糙度、表面光泽度和表面损耗的影响。
本研究采用了4组义齿基托树脂材料（模压成型、注塑成型、3D打印和铣削加工），并采用两种不同的表面处理方案（抛光和上釉）。在进行SB之前，对总共80个样本（n = 10）进行表面硬度（维氏硬度）评估。对每个样本进行SB（定制的V8交叉刷牙机，50000次往复冲程）。在SB前后使用非接触式光学轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度（Ra）。使用光泽度仪测量表面光泽度，以确定样本在SB前后的表面反射率变化。在SB之后使用光学轮廓测量法测量表面损耗（耐磨性）。使用双向和三向方差分析模型（ANOVA）（α = 0.05）检验材料、表面处理和SB对所有表面特性的影响。
抛光的模压成型组的表面硬度显著高于所有其他组。保护性釉质涂层显著提高了所有组的表面硬度（P < 0.001）。无论表面处理如何，SB均增加了所有组的表面粗糙度（P < 0.001）。在所有组中，SB后抛光表面处理的表面粗糙度增加显著高于上釉表面处理（P < 0.001）。对于所有义齿基托材料，上釉表面处理的表面光泽度显著高于抛光表面处理（P < 0.001）。SB后，与其他组相比，铣削加工的义齿基托材料显示出最高的表面光泽度，3D打印材料显示出第二高的表面光泽度（P < 0.001），无论表面处理如何。在所有测试材料中，表面釉质显著降低了表面损耗（P < 0.001）。采用釉质表面处理时，模压成型的义齿基托材料的表面损耗显著低于其他材料（表面增益更多），而采用抛光表面处理时，与其他组相比，3D打印的义齿基托材料的表面损耗最小。
单层纳米填充、光聚合保护性釉质涂层显示出提高义齿基托材料使用寿命的潜力，这通过硬度和耐磨性的提高得到证明。在模拟刷牙后，无论表面处理方案如何，铣削加工的义齿材料在所有组中表现出最高的表面光泽度和最低的表面粗糙度。这表明铣削加工的义齿基托材料具有良好的表面性能，可作为传统义齿基托材料的可行替代品。
