Tang Chuyu, Fan Yuejun, Wang Tao, Wang Jie, Xiao Mengjun, He Min, Chang Xiyun, Li Yuling, Li Xiuzhang
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
The Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining 810016, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 May 8;11(5):365. doi: 10.3390/jof11050365.
To explore the differences in protein quality among classic medicinal entomopathogenic fungi and to evaluate their metabolic adaptability, we analyzed the amino acid composition and proteomic characteristics of (CS), (CM), and (CC). Quantitative analysis showed CM contained the highest crude protein and lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine. CS adapted to high-altitude hypoxia and exhibited lower protein but elevated leucine, isoleucine, and histidine contents, which may contribute to membrane stabilization and oxidative stress resistance. CC displayed higher non-essential amino acids such as arginine, proline, and tyrosine, reflecting active nitrogen metabolism. Four-dimensional data-independent acquisition (4D-DIA) proteomics identified 495 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Compared with CS, CM and CC displayed upregulated glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases 2 (GOT2), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) coordinately regulate nitrogen flux through the alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolic network and urea cycle, supporting metabolic intermediate replenishment for energy metabolism. The upregulation of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha (BCKDHA) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short/branched chain (ACADSB) in CM and CC facilitated the integration of branched-chain amino acid catabolism with the TCA cycle, explaining species-specific differences in protein content. This study presents the first application of 4D-DIA proteomics to compare CS, CM, and CC, providing insights into quality divergence mechanisms in medicinal fungi.
为探究经典药用昆虫病原真菌之间蛋白质质量的差异并评估其代谢适应性，我们分析了球孢白僵菌（CS）、金龟子绿僵菌（CM）和布氏白僵菌（CC）的氨基酸组成和蛋白质组学特征。定量分析表明，CM含有最高的粗蛋白以及赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和缬氨酸。CS适应高海拔缺氧环境，其蛋白质含量较低，但亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和组氨酸含量升高，这可能有助于膜稳定和抗氧化应激。CC显示出较高的非必需氨基酸，如精氨酸、脯氨酸和酪氨酸，反映出活跃的氮代谢。四维数据非依赖采集（4D-DIA）蛋白质组学鉴定出495个差异表达蛋白（DEP）。与CS相比，CM和CC中谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶2（GOT2）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）和精氨琥珀酸合酶1（ASS1）上调，它们通过丙氨酸-天冬氨酸-谷氨酸代谢网络和尿素循环协调调节氮通量，为能量代谢提供代谢中间产物补充。CM和CC中支链酮酸脱氢酶E1亚基α（BCKDHA）和酰基辅酶A脱氢酶短/支链（ACADSB）的上调促进了支链氨基酸分解代谢与三羧酸循环的整合，解释了蛋白质含量的种间差异。本研究首次应用4D-DIA蛋白质组学比较CS、CM和CC，为药用真菌质量差异机制提供了见解。
