Ferreira Mariana, Costa Hélder, Veiga Nélio, Correia Maria J, Gomes Ana T P C, Lopes Pedro C
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal.
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal.
J Funct Biomater. 2025 May 10;16(5):173. doi: 10.3390/jfb16050173.
Clear aligners are a modern orthodontic solution designed to address dental malocclusions discreetly and effectively. In terms of clinical side effects, the most reported issues among aligner users are mild irritation of the oral mucosa, localized inflammation, and hypersensitivity. The use of advanced polymer materials in clear aligners, such as polyurethane and PET-G, has gained widespread acceptance due to their mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and aesthetic appeal. However, concerns persist regarding their potential to release chemical compounds. Our goal is to understand the impact of clear aligner toxicity on the oral cavity of orthodontic patients. An extensive systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane to identify articles with relevant data. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA) to answer a question formulated according to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes. Four hundred and thirteen articles potentially relevant were identified and after applying PRISMA guidelines and inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven articles were included in this review. Our results suggest that clear aligners are generally safe, but concerns remain regarding the chemical leaching of thermoplastic materials, bacterial accumulation due to reduced saliva flow, and mild inflammatory responses. Our review emphasizes that although most materials are biocompatible, some exhibit moderate cytotoxicity, with the potential to impact these patients' oral health, underscoring the need for continued research and improvements in material composition.
透明矫治器是一种现代正畸解决方案，旨在谨慎且有效地解决牙齿咬合不正问题。在临床副作用方面，矫治器使用者中报告最多的问题是口腔黏膜轻度刺激、局部炎症和过敏。透明矫治器中使用的先进聚合物材料，如聚氨酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯二醇（PET-G），因其机械性能、生物相容性和美学吸引力而获得广泛认可。然而，人们对其释放化合物的可能性仍存在担忧。我们的目标是了解透明矫治器毒性对正畸患者口腔的影响。我们在电子数据库PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane中进行了广泛的系统检索，以识别包含相关数据的文章。本系统评价是按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行的，以回答根据人群、干预措施、对照和结局制定的问题。共识别出413篇可能相关的文章，在应用PRISMA指南和纳入/排除标准后，本评价纳入了7篇文章。我们的结果表明，透明矫治器总体上是安全的，但对于热塑性材料的化学浸出、唾液分泌减少导致的细菌积聚以及轻度炎症反应仍存在担忧。我们的评价强调，尽管大多数材料具有生物相容性，但有些材料表现出中度细胞毒性，有可能影响这些患者的口腔健康，这突出了持续研究和改进材料成分的必要性。
