Jones Lee, Fry Bryan G
Adaptive Biotoxicology Lab, School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Toxins (Basel). 2025 May 2;17(5):224. doi: 10.3390/toxins17050224.
Snakebite represents a significant public health challenge in Central and South America, with (Bushmaster) species posing unique clinical challenges due to their severe envenomation effects arising from a combination of potent venom and copious venom yields. Using in vitro coagulation assays, we analyzed the coagulotoxic venom effects from four distinct localities: from Surinam and French Guiana and from Costa Rica and Panama. This study examined the venom's impact on human plasma and fibrinogen and evaluated the efficacy of two regionally available antivenoms (PoliVal-ICP and Antivipmyn-Tri) in neutralizing the pathophysiological effects. Our results demonstrated a remarkable consistency in the pseudo-procoagulant venom activity (also known as: thrombin-like) across different species and localities. Antivenom efficacy testing revealed that both the PoliVal-ICP and Antivipmyn-Tri antivenoms effectively neutralized the venom effects across localities for both species, with the ICP antivenom showing the highest neutralization capacity. These toxicology findings highlight the biochemical conservation of venom composition across species which underpins effective cross-neutralization in antivenom treatment.
蛇咬伤是中美洲和南美洲面临的一项重大公共卫生挑战，由于巨蝮属（矛头蝮）物种的毒液毒性强且产量大，其严重的毒液注入效应带来了独特的临床挑战。我们使用体外凝血试验，分析了来自四个不同地区的具有凝血毒性的毒液效应：来自苏里南和法属圭亚那，以及来自哥斯达黎加和巴拿马。本研究考察了毒液对人血浆和纤维蛋白原的影响，并评估了两种当地可得抗蛇毒血清（PoliVal - ICP和Antivipmyn - Tri）中和病理生理效应的功效。我们的结果表明，不同物种和地区的拟凝血酶毒液活性（也称为：类凝血酶）具有显著的一致性。抗蛇毒血清功效测试显示，PoliVal - ICP和Antivipmyn - Tri抗蛇毒血清均可有效中和两个物种不同地区的毒液效应，其中ICP抗蛇毒血清的中和能力最强。这些毒理学发现凸显了巨蝮属物种毒液成分的生化保守性，这是抗蛇毒血清治疗中有效交叉中和的基础。
