Bashir Khawaja Muhammad Imran, An Hye-Ryeon, Negara Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira, Tirtawijaya Gabriel, Meinita Maria Dyah Nur, Sohn Jae-Hak, Harwanto Dicky, Choi Jae-Suk
Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea.
German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME-Busan Branch, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea.
Toxins (Basel). 2025 May 14;17(5):244. doi: 10.3390/toxins17050244.
Catechins, renowned for their health benefits, have unexamined environmental impacts. This study assessed the toxicity of crude catechin and catechin hydrate on invertebrate larvae, plant, and microalgae. The survival rates of Straus and L. were monitored every 24 h over a three-day period. The germination rate and radicle length of L. was measured every 24 h for four days. Inhibitory effects were evaluated in both freshwater and seawater cultures of Beijerinck, with cell density recorded every 24 h and yield inhibition calculated after 96 h. Results indicated that increasing catechin concentration and exposure duration decreased the survival rate of and . was more sensitive to catechins than , with 24 h lethal concentration 50 (LC-50) values of 1174 µg/mL compared to 1895 µg/mL for crude catechin, and 54 µg/mL compared to 153 µg/mL for catechin hydrate. The germination rate and radicle length of , along with the cell density of , decreased with increasing catechin concentration, but remained higher even after prolonged exposure. At low catechin concentrations, cell density exceeded control levels. This study demonstrates that catechins in aquatic environments can significantly impact ecosystems. At certain concentrations, catechins are toxic and potentially lethal to aquatic organisms. Conversely, at lower concentrations, catechins may promote microalgal growth, suggesting a fertilizing effect. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for maintaining the stability of aquatic ecosystems.
儿茶素因其对健康有益而闻名，但其对环境的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究评估了粗儿茶素和儿茶素水合物对无脊椎动物幼虫、植物和微藻的毒性。在三天时间内，每隔24小时监测一次斯特劳斯和L.的存活率。在四天时间内，每隔24小时测量一次L.的发芽率和胚根长度。在贝耶林克氏菌的淡水和海水培养物中评估抑制作用，每隔24小时记录细胞密度，并在96小时后计算产量抑制率。结果表明，儿茶素浓度和暴露时间的增加会降低斯特劳斯和L.的存活率。L.对儿茶素比斯特劳斯更敏感，粗儿茶素的24小时半数致死浓度（LC-50）值为1174微克/毫升，而L.为1895微克/毫升；儿茶素水合物的24小时半数致死浓度（LC-50）值为54微克/毫升，而L.为153微克/毫升。L.的发芽率和胚根长度以及贝耶林克氏菌的细胞密度随着儿茶素浓度的增加而降低，但即使长时间暴露后仍保持较高水平。在低儿茶素浓度下，贝耶林克氏菌的细胞密度超过了对照水平。本研究表明，水生环境中的儿茶素会对生态系统产生重大影响。在一定浓度下，儿茶素对水生生物有毒且可能致命。相反，在较低浓度下，儿茶素可能会促进微藻生长，表明具有施肥效应。了解这些动态对于维持水生生态系统的稳定性至关重要。
