Wang Jinqiu, Zheng Luchuan, Huang Wenxi, Li Linxuan, Yuan Jialian, Chen Lin
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
School of Life Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2025 May 20;17(5):254. doi: 10.3390/toxins17050254.
As the global population grows, food security and agricultural productivity face challenges, and insect pests cause significant losses to crops. The effectiveness of traditional chemical pesticides is declining, and eco-friendly pesticides need to be developed. Diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), natural products of plant origin, have attracted attention due to their low environmental risks. Here we review the classification, structure, insecticidal and anti-feeding activities of diterpenoid alkaloids, as well as the current state of research on these chemicals. Studies have shown that C- and C-diterpenoid alkaloids show significant activity against a variety of insects, but there are still limited studies on C-diterpenoid alkaloids. Therefore, through in-depth research on diterpenoid alkaloids, we have discovered that there are various compounds with high efficiency and specificity in insecticidal and antifeedant activities among C- and C-diterpenoid alkaloids, which exhibit high selectivity and efficiency towards target pests. This paper emphasizes the potential of diterpenoid alkaloids as novel biopesticides and highlights the need to combine new technologies to conduct further systematic evaluation and screening of these compounds. This work provides new ideas for the development of environmentally friendly pesticides and contributes to sustainable agricultural practices.
随着全球人口增长，粮食安全和农业生产力面临挑战，害虫给农作物造成重大损失。传统化学农药的效果正在下降，需要开发环保型农药。二萜类生物碱（DAs）是植物来源的天然产物，因其低环境风险而受到关注。在此，我们综述二萜类生物碱的分类、结构、杀虫和拒食活性，以及这些化合物的研究现状。研究表明，C-和C-二萜类生物碱对多种昆虫表现出显著活性，但对C-二萜类生物碱的研究仍然有限。因此，通过对二萜类生物碱的深入研究，我们发现在C-和C-二萜类生物碱中存在各种具有高效和特异性杀虫及拒食活性的化合物，它们对目标害虫表现出高选择性和高效性。本文强调了二萜类生物碱作为新型生物农药的潜力，并突出了结合新技术对这些化合物进行进一步系统评价和筛选的必要性。这项工作为开发环境友好型农药提供了新思路，并有助于可持续农业实践。
