Dregney Tyler M, Thul Chelsey, Linde Jennifer A, Lewis Beth A
Cancer Health Disparities T32 Training Program, Medical School and School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
School of Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 May 27;20(5):e0323195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323195. eCollection 2025.
Variety (i.e., multiple types of activities) may be effective for increasing physical activity (PA) based on previous research; however, research is needed to evaluate variety's impact on psychosocial variables.
This exploratory study examined the effect of a home-based PA variety intervention on PA participation and psychosocial variables (motivation, psychological needs satisfaction, enjoyment, boredom, variety perception, PA feeling, self-efficacy, and affect) in an eight-week randomized intervention trial. Participants (n = 47; mean age, 19.9 + /- 1.9; 75% female) were low-active, 18-25-year-old college students randomized to participate in the PA variety intervention or the consistency comparison condition. All participants received weekly individual counseling. The PA variety intervention received 14 unique high intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts with instructions to complete at least three different workouts per week, and the consistency comparison received one HIIT workout to complete at least three times per week. Priori comparisons and between groups analysis of covariance were used to examine findings.
Participants in the variety condition reported marginally significant more weekly moderate-to-vigorous PA (p = .072) over the course of the intervention and higher psychological needs satisfaction (p = .099) at four weeks relative to the comparison. The variety intervention condition reported significantly higher perceived autonomy (p = .013) within psychological needs at four weeks, PA feelings of tranquility (p = .005) at eight weeks, and PA self-efficacy (p = .025) at eight weeks relative to the comparison.
This exploratory study revealed there was preliminary evidence that variety may lead to improved psychological responses to PA among college-age individuals, although findings should be interpreted with caution given the use of marginal significance. Future studies should examine how a variety of different activities (e.g., cycling, tennis, group fitness classes) influence motivation and PA, in addition to including larger and more diverse samples. Practitioners should support clients' psychological needs and provide home-based PA options.
根据以往研究，多样化（即多种类型的活动）可能对增加身体活动（PA）有效；然而，需要开展研究来评估多样化对心理社会变量的影响。
在一项为期八周的随机干预试验中，这项探索性研究考察了基于家庭的多样化PA干预对PA参与度和心理社会变量（动机、心理需求满足感、愉悦感、厌烦感、多样化感知、PA感受、自我效能感和情感）的影响。参与者（n = 47；平均年龄19.9 ± 1.9岁；75%为女性）是活动量较低的18至25岁大学生，他们被随机分配参与多样化PA干预或一致性对照条件。所有参与者每周接受一次个体咨询。多样化PA干预组接受14种独特的高强度间歇训练（HIIT）锻炼，并被要求每周至少完成三种不同的锻炼，而一致性对照组接受一种HIIT锻炼，要求每周至少完成三次。采用先验比较和组间协方差分析来检验研究结果。
在干预过程中，多样化组的参与者报告每周进行中等到剧烈PA的次数略显著多于对照组（p = 0.072），并且在四周时心理需求满足感更高（p = 0.099）。与对照组相比，多样化干预组在四周时心理需求中的自主感显著更高（p = 0.013），在八周时PA的平静感显著更高（p = 0.005），在八周时PA自我效能感显著更高（p = 0.025）。
这项探索性研究表明，有初步证据显示多样化可能会改善大学年龄段个体对PA的心理反应，不过鉴于使用了边缘显著性，研究结果应谨慎解读。未来的研究除了纳入更大且更多样化的样本外，还应考察各种不同的活动（如骑自行车、打网球、团体健身课程）如何影响动机和PA。从业者应支持客户的心理需求并提供基于家庭的PA选择。
