Insawake Kittisak, Songserm Thaweesak, Songserm Ornprapun, Rattanakreetakul Chainarong, Theapparat Yongyuth, Adeyemi Kazeem D, Rassmidatta Konkawat, Ruangpanit Yuwares
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
Poult Sci. 2025 May 15;104(8):105293. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105293.
This study evaluated the effects of phytochemicals on growth performance, immune response, gut morphology, and cecal microbiome of broilers fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet under high stocking density and heat stress. A total of 2,800 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were raised at 18 birds/m² during the summer. The birds were assigned to seven dietary treatments: (1) corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON), (2) CON + 50 ppb aflatoxin (AFT), (3) AFT + 50 ppm bacitracin (BCT), (4) AFT + 300 ppm flavanone (FVN), (5) AFT + 80 ppm isoquinoline alkaloids (IQA), (6) AFT + FVN (1-10 days) and IQA (11-37 days) (FVN-IQA), and (7) AFT + IQA (1-10 days) and FVN (11-37 days) (IQA-FVN) for 37 days. The heat stress index exceeded 160 for most of the experimental period. Feed efficiency was significantly lower in the AFT group than in the CON, FVN, IQA, and combination groups, while the BCT group showed no significant difference from others. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in the AFT group than in the CON, IQA, FVN-IQA, and IQA-FVN groups. The AFT group exhibited higher interleukin-6 levels than other groups. Serum malondialdehyde was lower in the CON, FVN, and IQA-FVN groups than in the AFT group. Duodenal and jejunal villi height and villi height-to-crypt depth ratio were reduced in the AFT group. The AFT group showed reduced α-diversity, evaluated by Chao1 and Shannon indices. Treatment groups significantly affected β-diversity and microbiota composition at the phylum, family, and species levels. Compared to the CON group, AFT altered 125 metabolic pathways, while BCT, FVN, IQA, FVN-IQA, and IQA-FVN altered 347, 91, 38, 153, and 396 metabolic pathways, respectively, relative to the AFT group. Exposure to 50 ppb aflatoxin under high stocking density and heat stress impaired feed efficiency, immune status, and gut health in broilers. Supplementation with FVN, IQA, or their combinations mitigated these effects, with the combinations showing the greatest efficacy.
本研究评估了植物化学物质对在高饲养密度和热应激条件下采食受黄曲霉毒素污染日粮的肉鸡生长性能、免疫反应、肠道形态和盲肠微生物群的影响。在夏季，共2800只1日龄雄性罗斯308肉鸡以每平方米18只的密度饲养。这些鸡被分为七种日粮处理组：（1）玉米-豆粕基础日粮（CON），（2）CON + 50 ppb黄曲霉毒素（AFT），（3）AFT + 50 ppm杆菌肽（BCT），（4）AFT + 300 ppm黄酮（FVN），（5）AFT + 80 ppm异喹啉生物碱（IQA），（6）AFT + FVN（1 - 10天）和IQA（11 - 37天）（FVN - IQA），以及（7）AFT + IQA（1 - 10天）和FVN（11 - 37天）（IQA - FVN），为期37天。在大部分实验期间，热应激指数超过160。AFT组的饲料效率显著低于CON、FVN、IQA和组合组，而BCT组与其他组无显著差异。AFT组的异嗜性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率高于CON、IQA、FVN - IQA和IQA - FVN组。AFT组的白细胞介素 - 6水平高于其他组。CON、FVN和IQA - FVN组的血清丙二醛低于AFT组。AFT组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值降低。通过Chao1和香农指数评估，AFT组的α多样性降低。处理组在门、科和种水平上显著影响β多样性和微生物群组成。与CON组相比，AFT改变了125条代谢途径，而相对于AFT组，BCT、FVN、IQA、FVN - IQA和IQA - FVN分别改变了347、91、38、153和396条代谢途径。在高饲养密度和热应激条件下，暴露于50 ppb黄曲霉毒素会损害肉鸡的饲料效率、免疫状态和肠道健康。补充FVN、IQA或它们的组合可减轻这些影响，组合显示出最大的功效。
