Balazs Reka, Molnar Tamas Gergely, Edvine Meleg Erika, Hidas Andras, Zajacz Edit, Racz Timea, Palinkas-Bodzsar Nora
Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, 2100 Godollo, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Apr 25;14(5):475. doi: 10.3390/biology14050475.
Honey bees are crucial to both the ecosystem and the economy. However, they are subject to different influences that can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. In this study, we used mitochondrial DNA information and nuclear microsatellite markers to compare worker individuals that strictly meet the morphological breed standard of the Pannonian bee in Hungary to those with morphological disorders (yellow color of the abdomen). Additionally, this study involves Carniolan colonies from two European countries and other bee subspecies as a reference group that might have crossed into the Pannonian bee. As for the mitochondrial DNA, the combined assessment of and genes identified six haplotypes. Based on the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region (E2/H2), our samples belonged to the C evolutionary lineage. According to the microsatellite data, the level of inbreeding was low in all groups investigated, and only the genotypes of the Pannonian bee showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state. Cluster analysis and the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components showed that bees that failed the morphological breed identification had started to diverge genetically from those meeting the breed standards, becoming more similar to the Carniolan bee. Our findings suggest that the genetic status of the Pannonian bees investigated in this study is satisfactory. However, in order to maintain an adequate level of diversity, periodic genetic monitoring of the colonies is necessary.
蜜蜂对生态系统和经济都至关重要。然而，它们受到不同影响，可能导致遗传多样性丧失。在本研究中，我们使用线粒体DNA信息和核微卫星标记，将严格符合匈牙利潘诺尼亚蜂形态品种标准的工蜂个体与有形态异常（腹部黄色）的个体进行比较。此外，本研究涉及来自两个欧洲国家的卡尼奥拉蜂群以及其他蜜蜂亚种作为可能与潘诺尼亚蜂杂交的参考群体。至于线粒体DNA，对 和 基因的联合评估鉴定出六个单倍型。基于tRNAleu - cox2基因间区域（E2/H2），我们的样本属于C进化谱系。根据微卫星数据，所有调查群体的近亲繁殖水平都较低，只有潘诺尼亚蜂的基因型显示出与哈迪 - 温伯格平衡状态有显著偏差。聚类分析和主成分判别分析表明，形态品种鉴定不合格的蜜蜂在基因上已开始与符合品种标准的蜜蜂分化，变得更类似于卡尼奥拉蜂。我们的研究结果表明，本研究中调查的潘诺尼亚蜂的遗传状况令人满意。然而，为了维持足够的多样性水平，对蜂群进行定期遗传监测是必要的。
