Siu Wing-Yu Sharon, Chen Yen-Chang, Ding Dah-Ching
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
Division of Digital Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 May 16;15(10):1270. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15101270.
: To review the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, treatment strategies, and outcomes of vulvar hemangiomas, and to evaluate the consistency of management practices in the absence of standardized guidelines. : We included case reports, case series, and observational studies describing vulvar hemangiomas with clinical, histological, and management data in human subjects. Reviews, editorials, and studies unrelated to vulvar hemangiomas were excluded. : Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 20 February 2025, with additional citation tracking. : 85 studies were included. Data were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneity in the study design and outcome reporting. Most studies described symptomatic lesions presenting as swelling, bleeding, or pain, often misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts or varicosities. Treatment varied widely, including observation, surgical excision, embolization, and medical therapies. No evidence-based guidelines were identified. : Vulvar hemangiomas are rare and frequently misdiagnosed. While asymptomatic lesions may be observed, symptomatic cases require individualized treatment. This review highlights the need for diagnostic vigilance and the development of standardized management protocols. Further research is needed to optimize clinical outcomes.
回顾外阴血管瘤的临床表现、诊断方法、治疗策略及预后，并评估在缺乏标准化指南情况下管理措施的一致性。我们纳入了描述人类受试者外阴血管瘤的临床、组织学及管理数据的病例报告、病例系列和观察性研究。排除综述、社论及与外阴血管瘤无关的研究。截至2025年2月20日，在PubMed、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science中进行了系统检索，并进行了额外的引文追踪。共纳入85项研究。由于研究设计和结果报告的异质性，数据采用叙述性综合分析。大多数研究描述的有症状病变表现为肿胀、出血或疼痛，常被误诊为巴氏腺囊肿或静脉曲张。治疗方法差异很大，包括观察、手术切除、栓塞和药物治疗。未发现基于证据的指南。外阴血管瘤罕见且常被误诊。无症状病变可观察，有症状病例需要个体化治疗。本综述强调了诊断警惕性的必要性以及标准化管理方案的制定。需要进一步研究以优化临床结果。
