Ye Jiayu, Wang Nenghui, Wu Haihong, Wang Chuanfeng, Kang Xiao
CSSC Jiangxi Jiujiang Marine Equipment Co., Ltd., Jiujiang 332008, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 May 20;18(10):2391. doi: 10.3390/ma18102391.
This study investigates the current-carrying tribological properties and wear mechanisms of copper-graphite composites under varying contact loads. Two copper-graphite composites with different graphite content were prepared using the pressure sintering method. Current-carrying tribological tests were conducted at three distinct contact loads. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser confocal microscopy, and pin-on-disk tribological testing were utilized to examine the current-carrying tribological properties and the worn morphologies of the materials. The results indicate that, under the three contact loads, the friction coefficient of the copper-graphite materials ranged from 0.3 to 0.5, the wear rate was on the order of 10 m/(N·m), the average voltage drop varied between 0.7 and 1.6 V, and the average electrical noise ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 mV. The wear mechanism included delamination wear and a minor amount of abrasive wear, and the lubricating film formed on the surface was mainly composed of C, PbO, and CuO. Notably, copper-graphite composites with lower graphite content exhibited superior hardness, electrical conductivity, and relative density compared to those with higher graphite content. At a contact load of 0.31 N, the copper-graphite composite containing 30wt% graphite demonstrated the most favorable current-carrying tribological performance, characterized by the lowest wear rate (1.09 × 10 m/(N·m)), voltage drop (0.943 V), and electrical noise (0.234 mV).
本研究考察了不同接触载荷下铜 - 石墨复合材料的载流摩擦学性能及磨损机制。采用压力烧结法制备了两种不同石墨含量的铜 - 石墨复合材料。在三种不同的接触载荷下进行了载流摩擦学试验。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、激光共聚焦显微镜和销盘摩擦学试验来研究材料的载流摩擦学性能和磨损形貌。结果表明，在三种接触载荷下，铜 - 石墨材料的摩擦系数在0.3至0.5之间，磨损率约为10⁻⁵m/(N·m)，平均电压降在0.7至1.6 V之间变化，平均电噪声在0.2至0.9 mV之间。磨损机制包括分层磨损和少量磨粒磨损，表面形成的润滑膜主要由C、PbO和CuO组成。值得注意的是，与高石墨含量的铜 - 石墨复合材料相比，低石墨含量的铜 - 石墨复合材料具有更高的硬度、电导率和相对密度。在0.31 N的接触载荷下，含30wt%石墨的铜 - 石墨复合材料表现出最优异的载流摩擦学性能，其磨损率最低(1.09×10⁻⁵m/(N·m))、电压降(0.943 V)和电噪声(0.234 mV)。
