Ibn Amor Abir, Kukorellyné Szénási Ágnes, Németh Csaba, Deutsch Ferenc, Kiss Balázs
Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
Badacsony Research Station, Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8261 Badacsony, Hungary.
Insects. 2025 May 5;16(5):497. doi: 10.3390/insects16050497.
The invasive spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) represents new challenges for European and North American fruit producers. The aim of our study was to examine wine grape cultivar susceptibility to this pest and melanogaster-type Drosophila (MTD) by surveying drosophilid populations using field traps and conducting emergence tests. We assessed fly development from intact and artificially injured berries collected from four cultivars. Berries were incubated individually and in pooled samples to evaluate infestation patterns and potential larval interactions. Although grapes are generally considered less favorable hosts for SWD, the pest was consistently present across all vineyard plots. Infestation levels differed significantly among cultivars, with the Hungarian white cultivar Furmint being the most susceptible, while French-origin red cultivars Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon, along with the other Hungarian cultivar Rózsakő, were less susceptible. Berry integrity played a crucial role: intact berries showed minimal infestation, whereas physical injuries led to a substantial and significant increase in infestation rates and fly emergence. In contrast to SWD-dominated trap catches and the nearly equal proportions of SWD and MTD observed in intact berries, injured berries were predominantly colonized by MTD. This dominance became even more pronounced in pooled samples, suggesting that larval competition in shared environments favors MTD over SWD. These findings underscore the importance of grape cultivar traits and berry condition in shaping Drosophila infestation dynamics. Further research into the chemical and ecological drivers of host selection and interspecific interactions is warranted to improve vineyard pest management strategies.
入侵性斑翅果蝇给欧洲和北美的水果生产商带来了新挑战。我们研究的目的是通过使用田间诱捕器调查果蝇种群并进行羽化试验，来检测酿酒葡萄品种对这种害虫和黑腹果蝇类（MTD）的易感性。我们评估了从四个品种采集的完整和人工损伤浆果中的果蝇发育情况。浆果单独培养和混合培养，以评估侵染模式和潜在的幼虫相互作用。尽管葡萄通常被认为是对斑翅果蝇不太适宜的寄主，但在所有葡萄园地块中都一直存在这种害虫。不同品种的侵染水平差异显著，匈牙利白葡萄品种福尔明特最易感，而法国原产的红葡萄品种品丽珠和赤霞珠以及另一个匈牙利品种罗扎克则较不易感。浆果完整性起着关键作用：完整浆果的侵染程度最低，而物理损伤导致侵染率和果蝇羽化率大幅显著增加。与以斑翅果蝇为主的诱捕捕获量以及在完整浆果中观察到的斑翅果蝇和黑腹果蝇类比例几乎相等不同，受伤浆果主要被黑腹果蝇类定殖。这种优势在混合样本中更加明显，表明在共享环境中的幼虫竞争使黑腹果蝇类比斑翅果蝇更具优势。这些发现强调了葡萄品种特性和浆果状况在塑造果蝇侵染动态中的重要性。有必要进一步研究寄主选择和种间相互作用的化学和生态驱动因素以改进葡萄园害虫管理策略。
