Agricultural Economics and Policy, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Strategic Research Division Plant Protection, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Feb;77(2):978-1000. doi: 10.1002/ps.6110. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Drosophila suzukii can lead to substantial damages in horticultural production. In this article we analyze revenue losses and cost increases due to D. suzukii as perceived of Swiss cherry, plum and grape growers. Moreover, we investigate associations between farm and grower characteristics and revenue losses and perceived costs increases. We surveyed Swiss growers of cherries, plums and grapes repeatedly in the period 2016-2018 (N = 1572).
We find that 76% of cherry, plum and grape growers faced additional costs due to D. suzukii. In contrast, yield losses due to D. suzukii infestation were small on average, but nevertheless high for some growers. We find substantial heterogeneity in perceived costs and revenue losses across crops, years and farms. Larger farms are found to face lower perceived additional costs, suggesting scale effects in prevention and control of D. suzukii. Growers with a higher inter-varietal diversity perceived additional costs to be higher. Furthermore, organic farming was negatively associated with expected additional costs.
Our results suggest that the economic impact of invasive species such as D. suzukii goes far beyond reductions in yield quantity and quality, but rather stems from higher costs due to the need to establish preventive and control measures. Heterogeneity in costs and revenue losses suggests that policy measures to support growers need to be tailored to crops and farm types. Policies supporting improvements of measures against D. suzukii and other newly occurring alien pests and reduce additional costs such as more efficient preventive and control measures merit further encouragement.
黑腹果蝇会对园艺生产造成严重损害。本文分析了瑞士樱桃、李子和葡萄种植者认为黑腹果蝇造成的收入损失和成本增加。此外，我们还调查了农场和种植者特征与收入损失和感知成本增加之间的关系。我们在 2016 年至 2018 年期间对瑞士樱桃、李子和葡萄种植者进行了多次重复调查（N=1572）。
我们发现，76%的樱桃、李子和葡萄种植者因 D. suzukii 而增加了额外成本。相比之下，由于 D. suzukii 侵袭导致的产量损失平均而言较小，但对一些种植者来说仍然很高。我们发现，不同作物、年份和农场的感知成本和收入损失存在很大差异。较大的农场被发现面临较低的感知额外成本，这表明在预防和控制 D. suzukii 方面存在规模效应。具有更高品种多样性的种植者认为额外成本更高。此外，有机农业与预期的额外成本呈负相关。
我们的研究结果表明，像 D. suzukii 这样的入侵物种的经济影响远远超出了产量数量和质量的减少，而是源于由于需要建立预防和控制措施而导致的更高成本。成本和收入损失的异质性表明，支持种植者的政策措施需要根据作物和农场类型进行调整。支持改进针对 D. suzukii 和其他新出现的外来害虫的措施，并减少额外成本（如更有效的预防和控制措施）的政策值得进一步鼓励。
