Mikhaylova Elena
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 11;26(10):4599. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104599.
There is currently a worldwide trend towards deregulating the use of genome-edited plants. Virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) is a novel technique that utilizes viral vectors to transiently deliver clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) components into plant cells. It potentially allows us to obtain transgene-free events in any plant species in a single generation without in vitro tissue culture. This technology has great potential for agriculture and is already being applied to more than 14 plant species using more than 20 viruses. The main limitations of VIGE include insufficient vector capacity, unstable expression of CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein, plant immune reaction, host specificity, and reduced viral activity in meristem. Various solutions to these problems have been proposed, such as fusion of mobile elements, RNAi suppressors, novel miniature Cas proteins, and seed-borne viruses, but the final goal has not yet been achieved. In this review, the mechanism underlying the ability of different classes of plant viruses to transiently edit genomes is explained. It not only focuses on the latest achievements in virus-induced editing of crops but also provides suggestions for improving the technology. This review may serve as a source of new ideas for those planning to develop new approaches in VIGE.
当前，全球范围内存在着放宽对基因组编辑植物使用管制的趋势。病毒诱导基因组编辑（VIGE）是一种利用病毒载体将成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）组件瞬时递送至植物细胞的新技术。它有可能使我们在不进行体外组织培养的情况下，在一代内获得任何植物物种的无转基因事件。这项技术在农业领域具有巨大潜力，目前已使用20多种病毒应用于14种以上的植物物种。VIGE的主要局限性包括载体容量不足、CRISPR相关（Cas）蛋白表达不稳定、植物免疫反应、宿主特异性以及分生组织中病毒活性降低。针对这些问题已经提出了各种解决方案，例如移动元件融合、RNA干扰抑制因子、新型微型Cas蛋白和种子传播病毒，但最终目标尚未实现。在这篇综述中，解释了不同类型植物病毒瞬时编辑基因组能力的潜在机制。它不仅关注病毒诱导作物编辑的最新成果，还为改进该技术提供了建议。这篇综述可能为那些计划开发VIGE新方法的人提供新思路。
