Zhi Gang, Hu Zhanwei, Zhang Zhuangfei, Wang Hui, Kong Dezhi, Xing Guozhong, Wang Dandan, Mai Zhihong, Xu Tingting, Li Xinjian, Wang Ye
Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Molecules. 2025 May 8;30(10):2092. doi: 10.3390/molecules30102092.
Sodium metal is a promising anode material for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, its practical implementation is severely limited by dendrite formation, which causes short circuits and safety issues. Here, we introduce a separator modification strategy using Ag nanoparticles decorated with two-dimensional diamane on a commercial polypropylene (PP) substrate (Ag-diamane/PP) to enhance the performance of sodium metal anodes (SMAs). The synergistic effect between the sodiophilic Ag nanoparticles and the diamane network not only accelerates Na⁺ transport through the modified separator but also reduces interfacial resistance. This dendrite-suppression effect was systematically validated using in situ optical microscopy and ex situ scanning electron microscopy. Symmetric Na||Na cells incorporating the Ag-diamane/PP separator exhibit exceptional cycling stability, maintaining more than 3800 h of operation at 2 mA cm with a capacity of 1 mAh cm. Furthermore, a full-cell configuration with a NaV(PO)@C cathode, Ag-diamane/PP separator, and Na metal anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 94.35 mAh g and stable cycling for 270 cycles. This work highlights the Ag-diamane/PP separator as a promising solution for advancing dendrite-free SMBs with long-term cycling stability and high energy density.
金属钠因其高理论比容量和低电化学势，是钠金属电池（SMBs）中一种很有前景的负极材料。然而，其实际应用受到枝晶形成的严重限制，枝晶会导致短路和安全问题。在此，我们介绍一种隔膜改性策略，即在商业聚丙烯（PP）基底上使用二维二氢金刚石修饰的银纳米颗粒（Ag-二氢金刚石/PP）来提高钠金属负极（SMAs）的性能。亲钠性银纳米颗粒与二氢金刚石网络之间的协同效应不仅加速了Na⁺通过改性隔膜的传输，还降低了界面电阻。使用原位光学显微镜和非原位扫描电子显微镜系统地验证了这种枝晶抑制效应。采用Ag-二氢金刚石/PP隔膜的对称Na||Na电池表现出优异的循环稳定性，在2 mA cm²的电流密度和1 mAh cm²的容量下可维持超过3800小时的运行。此外，具有NaV(PO)₄@C正极、Ag-二氢金刚石/PP隔膜和钠金属负极的全电池配置具有94.35 mAh g⁻¹的高可逆容量，并能稳定循环270次。这项工作突出了Ag-二氢金刚石/PP隔膜是推进具有长期循环稳定性和高能量密度的无枝晶钠金属电池的一种很有前景的解决方案。
