Sun Mengna, Jiao Zhiqiang, Wang Peng, Li Xiaohu, Yuan Guangcai
BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China.
Molecules. 2025 May 20;30(10):2221. doi: 10.3390/molecules30102221.
Perovskite, as a promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaic materials, has attracted extensive attention. To date, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 26.7%, which is competitive with that of commercial silicon cells. However, high PCE is usually achieved in devices with a small surface area fabricated by the spin-coating method. Perovskite thin films, as the most important layer, suffer from poor uniformity and crystallization caused by the large-area fabrication process, which leads to a dramatic drop in efficiency and exhibits poor reproducibility. Here, we summarize common architectures of PSC and perovskite solar modules (PSMs), as well as analyzing the reasons for efficiency loss on the modules. Subsequently, the review describes the mechanism of perovskite growth in detail, and then sums up recent research on small-to-large-area perovskite devices. Large-area fabrication methods mainly include blade coating, slot-die coating, spray-coating, inkjet printing, and screen printing. Moreover, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method and their corresponding mechanisms and research progress. The review aims to provide potential logical conclusions and directions for the commercial large-area perovskite fabrication process.
钙钛矿作为下一代光伏材料的有力候选者，已引起广泛关注。迄今为止，钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的功率转换效率（PCE）已达到26.7%，与商用硅电池具有竞争力。然而，高PCE通常是在通过旋涂法制造的小表面积器件中实现的。钙钛矿薄膜作为最重要的层，由于大面积制造工艺而存在均匀性差和结晶性差的问题，这导致效率急剧下降且再现性差。在此，我们总结了PSC和钙钛矿太阳能组件（PSM）的常见结构，并分析了组件效率损失的原因。随后，该综述详细描述了钙钛矿生长的机制，然后总结了从小面积到大面积钙钛矿器件的最新研究。大面积制造方法主要包括刮刀涂布、狭缝式涂布、喷涂、喷墨印刷和丝网印刷。此外，我们比较了每种方法的优缺点及其相应的机制和研究进展。该综述旨在为商业化大面积钙钛矿制造工艺提供潜在的合理结论和方向。
