var. Enhances Fracture Healing Through Gene Regulation in a Postmenopausal Rat Model.

var. () has been reported to promote fracture repair. This study investigates the role of leaf extract on biochemical markers and bone-repair genes in a postmenopausal rat model to understand its fracture-healing properties. : Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVXC), estrogen treatment (ERT), and plant treatment (MPv20 and MPv100) groups. After ovariectomy, the right tibiae of rats were fractured. The ERT group was treated with 64.5 μg/kg/day of estrogen, while the MPv20 and MPv100 groups received 20 and 100 mg/kg/day doses of leaf extract, respectively, for 8 weeks. Sham and OVXC acted as untreated controls. Blood samples collected before and after treatment were assayed for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), while bone samples were assayed for bone-turnover markers: osteocalcin and pyridinoline, oxidative-status markers (GPx, SOD, and MDA), and bone-repair genes (, , , , , and ). : IL-6, GPx, and SOD levels were significantly increased in both MPv groups ( < 0.05). was significantly upregulated in both MPv groups, while was downregulated in the MPv20 group ( < 0.05). : leaf extract may promote bone repair by stimulating pro-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, which are associated with its regulation of and .