Almuqbil Rashed M, Aldhubiab Bandar
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Apr 29;17(5):583. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17050583.
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) provide a non-invasive alternative to oral and parenteral routes, delivering drugs into the bloodstream while avoiding gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism. Despite benefits like enhanced bioavailability and patient compliance, the stratum corneum limits drug permeation. Ethosomes overcome the stratum corneum barrier with superior flexibility and permeability compared to liposomes. Ethanol disrupts the skin's lipid bilayer, enabling deep penetration and efficient drug delivery. Ethosomes offer high entrapment efficiency and stability, delivering both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. However, challenges like stability optimization and clinical translation persist. This review examines the structural components, preparation methods, and therapeutic applications of ethosomes in metabolic and chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, arthritis, and cancers. Moreover, it highlights the potential of ethosomes to revolutionize TDDSs for managing chronic and metabolic diseases, providing a foundation for further research and clinical development.
经皮给药系统（TDDSs）为口服和肠胃外给药途径提供了一种非侵入性的替代方法，可将药物输送到血液中，同时避免胃肠道降解和首过代谢。尽管具有提高生物利用度和患者依从性等优点，但角质层会限制药物渗透。与脂质体相比，醇质体具有更高的柔韧性和渗透性，能够克服角质层屏障。乙醇会破坏皮肤的脂质双层，实现深度渗透和高效药物递送。醇质体具有高包封率和稳定性，可递送亲水性和亲脂性药物。然而，稳定性优化和临床转化等挑战仍然存在。本综述探讨了醇质体在代谢性和慢性疾病（包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、关节炎和癌症）中的结构组成、制备方法和治疗应用。此外，它强调了醇质体在革新用于管理慢性和代谢性疾病的TDDSs方面的潜力，为进一步的研究和临床开发奠定了基础。
