In recent years, the electromic approach, which is based on the 'electrome' concept, to the analysis of electrical activity in plants has become increasingly relevant, as it can allow the detection of early signs of stress and the classification of external factors on the basis of complex, systemic changes in electrical parameters. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed complex effects remain unresolved. This review describes the main electrical signals in plants and their influence on physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stressors, discusses limitations of traditional methods of investigation of electrical activity, summarizes modern strategies for electrome analysis, and considers the prospect of applying mathematical modeling to interpret the electromic data. We suggest that the integration of the electromic approach and mathematical modeling can greatly enhance the ability to investigate plant electrical signaling, opening new ways for fundamental and applied research in plant electrophysiology.