Sukhova Ekaterina, Akinchits Elena, Sukhov Vladimir
Department of Biophysics, State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Gagarins Avenue, 23, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, 603950.
J Membr Biol. 2017 Oct;250(5):407-423. doi: 10.1007/s00232-017-9969-7. Epub 2017 Jul 15.
Electrical activity plays an important role in plant life; in particular, electrical responses can participate in the reception of the action of stressors (local electrical responses and oscillations) and signal transduction into unstimulated parts of the plant (action potential, variation potential and system potential). Understanding the mechanisms of electrical responses and subsequent changes in physiological processes and the prediction of plant responses to stressors requires the elaboration of mathematical models of electrical activity in plant organisms. Our review describes approaches to the simulation of plant electrogenesis and summarizes current models of electrical activity in these organisms. It is shown that there are numerous models of the generation of electrical responses, which are based on various descriptions (from modifications of the classical Hodgkin-Huxley model to detailed models, which consider ion transporters, regulatory processes, buffers, etc.). A moderate number of works simulate the propagation of electrical signals using equivalent electrical circuits, systems of excitable elements with local electrical coupling and descriptions of chemical signal propagation. The transmission of signals from a plasma membrane to intracellular compartments (endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole) during the generation of electrical responses is much less modelled. Finally, only a few works simulate plant physiological changes that are connected with electrical responses or investigate the inverse problem: reconstruction of the type and parameters of stimuli through the analysis of electrical responses. In the conclusion of the review, we discuss future perspectives on the simulation of electrical activity in plants.
电活动在植物生命中起着重要作用；特别是，电反应可参与应激源作用的接收（局部电反应和振荡）以及信号转导至植物未受刺激的部分（动作电位、变异电位和系统电位）。要理解电反应的机制以及随后生理过程的变化，并预测植物对应激源的反应，需要构建植物生物体电活动的数学模型。我们的综述描述了植物电发生模拟的方法，并总结了这些生物体当前的电活动模型。结果表明，有许多基于各种描述（从经典霍奇金 - 赫胥黎模型的修改到考虑离子转运体、调节过程、缓冲剂等的详细模型）的电反应产生模型。有适量的研究使用等效电路、具有局部电耦合的可兴奋元件系统以及化学信号传播描述来模拟电信号的传播。在电反应产生过程中，从质膜到细胞内区室（内质网、液泡）的信号传递的建模要少得多。最后，只有少数研究模拟与电反应相关的植物生理变化或研究反问题：通过电反应分析重建刺激的类型和参数。在综述的结论部分，我们讨论了植物电活动模拟的未来前景。
