Manhou Khadija, Taghouti Mona, Moussadek Rachid, Elyacoubi Houda, Bennani Sahar, Zouahri Abdelmjid, Ghanimi Ahmed, Sanad Hatim, Oueld Lhaj Majda, Hmouni Driss, Dakak Houria
Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco.
Research Unit on Environment and Conservation of Natural Resources, Regional Center of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research, AV. Ennasr, Rabat 10101, Morocco.
Plants (Basel). 2025 May 17;14(10):1508. doi: 10.3390/plants14101508.
The productivity and resilience of durum wheat have been enhanced through the selection of accessions, optimizing agronomic and quality traits to address environmental challenges. This study evaluates the performance of 219 durum wheat accessions, including 120 elite lines from a national breeding program (G1 to G120), 63 international lines (G121 to G183), 27 Moroccan varieties (including Faraj, Karim, Tomouh, Marzak, Amria, Chaoui, IRDEN, and others), and nine landraces (G211 to G219, from Imilchil, Rich, and Taounate regions). Trials were conducted at the Jemâa Shaïm experimental station (INRA-Morocco) with an "Alpha lattice" design and two replications. Significant correlations were observed between spike length (SL) and number of spikelets per spike (SPS) ( = 0.950; < 0.001), and between grain yield (GY) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) ( = 0.530; < 0.01), while no correlation was found between quality parameters and GY ( = 0.010; > 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that agronomic traits explained 77.12% of variability, while quality traits accounted for 95.54%. Elite lines exhibited a high yellow pigment index (14.90), important for technological quality. Traditional landraces performed well in spike length (8.78 cm), thousand-kernel weight (50.23 g), protein content (17.07%), and gluten content (36.90%). Moroccan varieties such as Faraj achieved a grain yield of 6.12 t/ha, while international lines showed the highest SDS value (9.39 mL). These findings highlight the potential of diverse accessions for developing high-yielding, high-quality durum wheat.
通过选择种质、优化农艺和品质性状以应对环境挑战，硬粒小麦的生产力和抗逆性得到了提高。本研究评估了219份硬粒小麦种质的表现，包括来自国家育种计划的120个优良品系（G1至G120）、63个国际品系（G121至G183）、27个摩洛哥品种（包括法拉吉、卡里姆、托穆赫、马尔扎克、阿姆里亚、沙维、IRDEN等）以及9个地方品种（G211至G219，来自伊米尔希尔、里奇和陶纳特地区）。试验在摩洛哥国家农业研究院（INRA）的杰马·沙伊姆实验站进行，采用“α晶格”设计，重复两次。观察到穗长（SL）与每穗小穗数（SPS）之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.950；P < 0.001），籽粒产量（GY）与千粒重（TKW）之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.530；P < 0.01），而品质参数与GY之间未发现相关性（r = 0.010；P > 0.05）。主成分分析（PCA）表明，农艺性状解释了77.12%的变异性，而品质性状占95.54%。优良品系表现出较高的黄色素指数（14.90），这对工艺品质很重要。传统地方品种在穗长（8.78厘米）、千粒重（50.23克）、蛋白质含量（17.07%）和面筋含量（36.90%）方面表现良好。法拉吉等摩洛哥品种的籽粒产量达到6.12吨/公顷，而国际品系的SDS值最高（9.39毫升）。这些发现凸显了不同种质在培育高产、优质硬粒小麦方面的潜力。
