Dickinson Kacie M, Marchese Laura E, Livingstone Katherine M
Caring Futures Institute, Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne 3125, Australia.
Nutrients. 2025 May 9;17(10):1621. doi: 10.3390/nu17101621.
Evidence suggests that plant-based dietary patterns are beneficial for cardiometabolic health. However, it is unclear whether the quality of plant-based dietary patterns is differentially associated with cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to examine the association between three plant-based diet quality indices and cardiometabolic health among Australian adults. Data on 4877 adults (mean 45.1 years) from the cross-sectional Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 were used. Three plant-based diet quality indices (overall, healthful, and unhealthful) were derived from two 24 h dietary recalls. Anthropometric measures and blood pressure were assessed by trained interviewers. High-risk waist circumference was classified as ≥80 cm in females and ≥80 cm in males. Hypertension was defined as >140/90 mmHg. Fasting blood samples were used to estimate lipid profiles and diabetes status (based on plasma glucose or HbA1c). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between plant-based diet indices and cardiometabolic markers. The healthy plant-based diet index was associated with lower odds of a high-risk waist circumference (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.96-0.99), and the unhealthy plant-based diet index was associated with increased odds of having hypertension (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.00-1.04). No other significant associations were identified between the plant-based diet quality indices and cardiometabolic outcomes. : There was some evidence that the quality of plant-based dietary patterns was differentially associated with cardiometabolic health, with healthier plant-based dietary patterns associated with lower odds of a high-risk waist circumference, and less healthy plant-based dietary patterns associated with increased odds of hypertension. These findings support the consideration of the quality of plant foods consumed, and the need for targeted advice for optimising cardiometabolic health among adults.
有证据表明，以植物为基础的饮食模式对心脏代谢健康有益。然而，尚不清楚以植物为基础的饮食模式的质量与心脏代谢健康之间是否存在差异关联。本研究旨在探讨三种以植物为基础的饮食质量指数与澳大利亚成年人心脏代谢健康之间的关联。使用了来自2011 - 2013年澳大利亚横断面健康调查的4877名成年人（平均年龄45.1岁）的数据。通过两次24小时饮食回忆得出三种以植物为基础的饮食质量指数（总体、健康和不健康）。由经过培训的访谈员评估人体测量指标和血压。高危腰围定义为女性≥80厘米，男性≥90厘米。高血压定义为>140/90 mmHg。空腹血样用于评估血脂谱和糖尿病状况（基于血浆葡萄糖或糖化血红蛋白）。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来研究以植物为基础的饮食指数与心脏代谢标志物之间的关联。健康的以植物为基础的饮食指数与高危腰围的较低几率相关（比值比0.98；95%置信区间0.96 - 0.99），不健康的以植物为基础的饮食指数与患高血压的几率增加相关（比值比1.02；95%置信区间1.00 - 1.04）。在以植物为基础的饮食质量指数与心脏代谢结果之间未发现其他显著关联。有证据表明，以植物为基础的饮食模式的质量与心脏代谢健康存在差异关联，更健康的以植物为基础的饮食模式与高危腰围的较低几率相关，而不太健康的以植物为基础的饮食模式与高血压几率增加相关。这些发现支持考虑所摄入植物性食物的质量，以及为优化成年人心脏代谢健康提供针对性建议的必要性。
