School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Nutr Rev. 2024 Jun 10;82(7):929-948. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad099.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic chronic disease in which insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production lead to elevated blood glucose levels. The prevalence of T2D is growing worldwide, mainly due to obesity and the adoption of Western diets. Replacing animal foods with healthy plant foods is associated with a lower risk of T2D in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials, the consumption of healthy plant foods in place of animal foods led to cardiometabolic improvements in patients with T2D or who were at high risk of the disease. Dietary patterns that limit or exclude animal foods and focus on healthy plant foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes), known as healthy, plant-based diets, are consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D in cohort studies. The aim of this review is to examine the differential effects of plant foods and animal foods on T2D risk and to describe the existing literature about the role of healthy, plant-based diets, particularly healthy vegan diets, in T2D prevention and management. The evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be reported, in addition to the potential biological mechanisms that seem to be involved.
2 型糖尿病（T2D）是一种代谢性慢性疾病，其特征是胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌不足导致血糖升高。T2D 在全球的患病率不断上升，主要与肥胖和西方饮食的采用有关。前瞻性研究表明，用健康的植物性食物替代动物食品与较低的 T2D 风险相关。在随机对照试验中，用健康的植物性食物替代动物食品可改善 T2D 患者或高危患者的心血管代谢状况。限制或排除动物食品并专注于健康植物性食物（如水果、蔬菜、全谷物、坚果、豆类）的饮食模式，即健康的植物性饮食，与队列研究中较低的 T2D 风险持续相关。本综述旨在探讨植物性食物和动物性食物对 T2D 风险的不同影响，并描述关于健康植物性饮食（特别是健康纯素饮食）在 T2D 预防和管理中的作用的现有文献。除了涉及的潜在生物学机制外，还将报告来自队列研究和随机对照试验的证据。
