Mcconney Christina S, Kenney Devin, Ennis Christina S, Smith-Mahoney Erika L, Ayuso Maria Jose, Zhong Jiabao, Douam Florian, Sagar Manish, Snyder-Cappione Jennifer E
Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Viruses. 2025 Apr 29;17(5):640. doi: 10.3390/v17050640.
The effectiveness of multiple COVID-19 vaccinations in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear; specifically, elucidation of the durability of anti-viral antibody responses could provide important insights for epidemiological applications. We utilized the BU ELISA protocol to measure the circulating SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) specific IgG and IgA antibody levels in a cohort of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the spring of 2020, with the sample collection spanning six months to two years post-symptom onset. Further, we interrogated the neutralization activity of these samples against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (WA-1) and Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants. Consistent with previous studies, we found a more rapid waning of anti-N compared to anti-RBD antibodies in months prior to the first vaccinations. Vaccine-induced antibody responses in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 were elevated and sustained for more than one year post-vaccination. Similarly, neutralization activity against WA-1, Delta, and Omicron increased and remained higher than pre-vaccination levels for one year after the first COVID-19 vaccine dose. Collectively, these results indicate that infection followed by vaccination yields robust antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 that endure for one year. These results suggest that an annual booster would stably boost anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses, preventing infection and disease.
多次接种新冠疫苗对有SARS-CoV-2感染史的个体的有效性仍不明确；具体而言，阐明抗病毒抗体反应的持久性可为流行病学应用提供重要见解。我们利用波士顿大学酶联免疫吸附测定法（BU ELISA），测量了一组在2020年春季感染SARS-CoV-2的个体中循环的SARS-CoV-2受体结合域（RBD）和核衣壳（N）特异性IgG和IgA抗体水平，样本采集时间跨度为症状出现后的6个月至2年。此外，我们还检测了这些样本对原始SARS-CoV-2（WA-1）以及Delta和奥密克戎（BA.1）变体的中和活性。与之前的研究一致，我们发现在首次接种疫苗前的几个月里，抗N抗体比抗RBD抗体衰减得更快。先前感染过SARS-CoV-2的个体在接种疫苗后，疫苗诱导的抗体反应有所增强，并在接种后持续了一年多。同样，在接种第一剂新冠疫苗后的一年内，针对WA-1、Delta和奥密克戎的中和活性有所增加，且一直高于接种前的水平。总体而言，这些结果表明，先感染后接种疫苗会产生针对SARS-CoV-2的强大抗体反应，且这种反应能持续一年。这些结果表明，每年进行一次加强接种将稳定增强抗SARS-CoV-2抗体反应，预防感染和疾病。
