Sepúlveda-Crespo Daniel, Sánchez-Merino Víctor, Amigot-Sánchez Rafael, Rubio-Pérez Almudena, Díez Cristina, Hontañón Víctor, Berenguer Juan, González-García Juan, García Felipe, Martínez Isidoro, Yuste Eloísa, Resino Salvador
Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 May 19;13(5):539. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13050539.
: Anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies (anti-HIV-nAbs) play a critical role in the immune defense against HIV by preventing viral entry and limiting replication. This study longitudinally evaluated the titers and variability of anti-HIV-nAbs in individuals coinfected with HIV and HCV. Samples were collected at three time points: before starting HCV treatment, one year after completion, and five years post-treatment. : A retrospective analysis was conducted on 71 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who achieved a sustained virologic response following antiviral therapy for HCV. A control group of 41 HIV-monoinfected individuals was also included. Anti-HIV-nAb titers were evaluated by HIV neutralization assays using a panel of six recombinant HIV viruses representing multiple genetic subtypes. Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Generalized Linear Models were used for statistical analysis. -values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (-value). : HIV-neutralizing antibody responses in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals remained stable over five years following HCV therapy without significant changes (-value > 0.05). The mean neutralization scores remained stable, with baseline scores of 6.1 (95% CI: 5.4-6.7), 6.2 (95% CI: 5.5-6.8) at one year post-HCV therapy, and 6.0 (95% CI: 5.3-6.7) at five years post-HCV therapy. HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals consistently showed lower neutralization scores compared to the control group throughout the follow-up (-value < 0.05). Regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, nadir CD4, and baseline CD4 counts confirmed that the observed differences between HIV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals persisted (-value < 0.05) at both the baseline and after HCV therapy completion. : Successful HCV eradication in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals did not normalize anti-HIV-nAb titers, which remained consistently lower than those in HIV-monoinfected controls over five years.
抗HIV中和抗体（anti-HIV-nAbs）通过阻止病毒进入和限制复制，在针对HIV的免疫防御中发挥关键作用。本研究纵向评估了HIV和HCV合并感染个体中抗HIV-nAbs的滴度和变异性。在三个时间点采集样本：开始HCV治疗前、治疗完成后一年以及治疗后五年。
对71例接受HCV抗病毒治疗后实现持续病毒学应答的HIV/HCV合并感染患者进行了回顾性分析。还纳入了41例HIV单感染个体作为对照组。使用一组代表多种基因亚型的六种重组HIV病毒，通过HIV中和试验评估抗HIV-nAb滴度。采用广义线性混合模型和广义线性模型进行统计分析。P值使用Benjamini-Hochberg程序进行校正（P值）。
HIV/HCV合并感染个体中的HIV中和抗体反应在HCV治疗后的五年内保持稳定，无显著变化（P值>0.05）。平均中和分数保持稳定，HCV治疗后一年的基线分数为6.1（95%CI：5.4-6.7），治疗后五年为6.2（95%CI：5.5-6.8），治疗后五年为6.0（95%CI：5.3-6.7）。在整个随访过程中，HIV/HCV合并感染个体的中和分数始终低于对照组（P值<0.05）。对年龄、性别、最低点CD4和基线CD4计数进行校正的回归分析证实，HIV单感染个体与HIV/HCV合并感染个体之间观察到的差异在基线和HCV治疗完成后均持续存在（P值<0.05）。
HIV/HCV合并感染个体中成功根除HCV并未使抗HIV-nAb滴度恢复正常，在五年内其始终低于HIV单感染对照组。
