Impact of comorbidity on immune-related adverse events and survival in older cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND

Nearly half of patients with cancer are diagnosed at 70 years or older, which presents challenges in cancer care due to their high comorbidity burden and the underrepresentation of this age group in clinical trials. This retrospective study evaluated the association between comorbidity burden and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment outcomes among older adults.

METHODS

Data were collected from patients aged 70 years or older at the time of diagnosis who were treated with ICIs from 2011 to 2022. Key clinical outcomes include changes in performance status, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and were compared between low baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and high CCI (<4 vs. ≥4) groups.

RESULTS

Among 1,223 patients, patients with CCI scores ≥4 ( = 300) had a significantly shorter OS (11.4 vs. 13.6 months,  = 0.0461) but similar PFS (8.0 vs. 7.7 months,  = 0.258) compared to patients with CCI scores <4. There was no significant difference in changes in performance status pre- and post-treatment ( = 0.14) or in the irAE prevalence between the two groups (39.3% vs. 38.3%,  = 0.786).

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that ICIs are safe in patients with high comorbidity burden but that the presence of pre-treatment comorbidities decreases overall survival.