Wang Lin, Quan Wei, Song Jia, Qin Yidan, Zeng Huibin, Zhang Jian, Zhao Xuan, Li Jia, Chen Jiajun
Department of Neurology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 May 27;13(6):e70311. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70311. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Sleep disorders are a common health problem affecting a significant proportion of the adult population. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary factors, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, may play a role in modulating sleep quality. This study aims to investigate the association between omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) PUFA and sleep disorders using cross-sectional survey data and data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2018), we analyzed a cohort of 31,920 participants, with the primary independent variables being intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs. Multivariate regression was used to assess associations, and restricted cubic spline analysis was used to explore potential non-linear dose-response relationships. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to evaluate the causal effects of levels of multiple fatty acids on the risk of sleep disorders. For analysis on NHANES data, the participants with sleep disorders had significantly lower ω-3 PUFA intake (1.71 ± 1.11 g) compared to those without sleep disorders (1.78 ± 1.14 g, < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that higher ω-3 PUFA intake was associated with a reduced risk of sleep disorders, while the MR analyses showed that a higher ratio of ω-6 to total fatty acid levels was causally associated with a lower risk of sleep disorders (IVW OR = 0.930, 95% CI: 0.880-0.983, = 0.011). Our findings suggest that increased ω-3 FA intake and increased ratio of ω-6 to total fatty acid level may be associated with a lower risk of sleep disorders, highlighting the potential benefits of dietary modification for sleep health. Future research should further explore these associations and consider intervention studies to establish causality and optimal dietary recommendations to prevent sleep disorders.
睡眠障碍是一个常见的健康问题，影响着很大一部分成年人口。新出现的证据表明，饮食因素，特别是多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的摄入，可能在调节睡眠质量方面发挥作用。本研究旨在利用横断面调查数据和全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据，调查ω-3（ω-3）和ω-6（ω-6）多不饱和脂肪酸与睡眠障碍之间的关联。利用国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES，2005 - 2018年）的数据，我们分析了31920名参与者的队列，主要自变量是ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量。采用多变量回归评估关联，并使用受限立方样条分析探索潜在的非线性剂量反应关系。进行两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）分析，以评估多种脂肪酸水平对睡眠障碍风险的因果效应。对于NHANES数据的分析，与没有睡眠障碍的参与者（1.78±1.14克，<0.001）相比，有睡眠障碍的参与者的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量显著更低（1.71±1.11克）。回归分析显示，较高的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量与较低的睡眠障碍风险相关，而MR分析表明，ω-6与总脂肪酸水平的较高比例与较低的睡眠障碍风险存在因果关联（逆方差加权法比值比=0.930，95%置信区间：0.880 - 0.983，P = 0.011）。我们的研究结果表明，增加ω-3脂肪酸摄入量以及提高ω-6与总脂肪酸水平的比例可能与较低的睡眠障碍风险相关，凸显了饮食调整对睡眠健康的潜在益处。未来的研究应进一步探索这些关联，并考虑进行干预研究以确定因果关系和预防睡眠障碍的最佳饮食建议。
