Baird Sarah, Holmes Edward C, Ashley Caroline L, Triccas James A, Steain Megan
Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2025 Jan 14;49. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaf023.
The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic has intensified interest in the global diversity of RNA viruses and their ability to jump hosts, with a notable expansion in the number of known betacoronaviruses in wild mammalian species, particularly bats. This has enabled vaccine development research to shift its focus to include a range of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 related viruses from animal species, with the intention of developing broadly protective coronavirus vaccines and therapeutics. However, there is currently a lack of synthesis of this expanding knowledge base of viruses with potential to cause another severe disease outbreak. This has led to many vaccine trials considering protection against a small subset of known betacoronaviruses that poorly approximate the true diversity of this group of viruses. This review aims to synthesize information gained from the recent surge in betacoronavirus characterization, providing a catalogue of viruses exhibiting features that pose a risk to public health, together with a framework for assessing their likelihood of emergence and subsequent transmission through human populations. This information will help inform global pandemic preparedness measures before a novel betacoronavirus outbreak occurs.
2019冠状病毒病大流行加剧了人们对RNA病毒全球多样性及其跨宿主能力的关注，野生哺乳动物物种（尤其是蝙蝠）中已知的β冠状病毒数量显著增加。这使得疫苗研发研究将重点转移到包括一系列来自动物物种的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2相关病毒，目的是开发具有广泛保护作用的冠状病毒疫苗和疗法。然而，目前缺乏对这一不断扩大的、有可能引发另一场严重疾病爆发的病毒知识库的综合整理。这导致许多疫苗试验只考虑针对一小部分已知的β冠状病毒进行防护，而这些病毒并不能很好地代表这组病毒的真实多样性。本综述旨在综合近期β冠状病毒特征研究激增所获得的信息，提供一份具有对公共卫生构成风险特征的病毒目录，以及一个评估它们出现并随后在人群中传播可能性的框架。这些信息将有助于在新型β冠状病毒爆发之前为全球大流行防范措施提供参考。
