Wang Liyang, Wang Yingqiao, Bartlett Mabel, Roman Daniel San, Balakrishnan Gaurav, Gershanok Samuel, Khan Reem, Skillen Clint, Butler Shanae, Kulkarni Mangesh, Badylak Stephen F, Cohen-Karni Devora, Brown Bryan, Cohen-Karni Tzahi
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Sci Adv. 2025 May 30;11(22):eadv2385. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adv2385. Epub 2025 May 28.
Nitric oxide (NO) released endogenously by induced NO synthase (iNOS) in macrophages is a key regulatory biomarker for wound inflammation. Detecting NO directly on the wound bed is challenging due to its short half-life time (6 to 50 seconds), low physiological concentration (nanomolar to micromolar), and interferences in the complex wound environment. Here, we present a compliant, multiplexed, electrochemical, real-time, localized, inflammation-tracking NO sensor (MERLIN) array for in vivo spatiotemporal measurement of NO, with high sensitivity (883 ± 283 nanoamperes per micromolar per square centimeter); selectivity against nitrites (27,900-fold), ascorbic acid (3800-fold), and uric acid (6900-fold); and low limit of detection (8.00 nM). MERLIN spatiotemporally tracked NO on rat skin wounds for 7 days, and results indicated that NO peaks on day 3, in line with previously reported iNOS activity. MERLIN allows spatial mapping of the NO gradient across the wound bed, which can be used to provide diagnostic information to assist wound care.
巨噬细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）内源性释放的一氧化氮（NO）是伤口炎症的关键调节生物标志物。由于其半衰期短（6至50秒）、生理浓度低（纳摩尔至微摩尔）以及复杂伤口环境中的干扰，直接在伤口床上检测NO具有挑战性。在此，我们展示了一种用于体内时空测量NO的顺应性、多路复用、电化学、实时、局部炎症跟踪NO传感器（MERLIN）阵列，具有高灵敏度（每微摩尔每平方厘米883±283纳安）；对亚硝酸盐（约27900倍）、抗坏血酸（约3800倍）和尿酸（约6900倍）具有选择性；检测下限低（约8.00 nM）。MERLIN在大鼠皮肤伤口上对NO进行了7天的时空跟踪，结果表明第3天出现NO峰值，与先前报道的iNOS活性一致。MERLIN能够绘制伤口床上NO梯度的空间图，可用于提供诊断信息以辅助伤口护理。
