Distribution of red blood cell fatty acids in stable patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy controls.

BACKGROUND

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder. Conflicting findings concerning abnormal levels of red blood cell fatty acids (RBC FA) in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls have been found. This stimulated research on the possible presence of a bimodal distribution of RBC FA. Bimodality suggests subgroups of the disease, including different endophenotypes and/or clinical characteristics. However, to date only a small number of publications reported on bimodality. The evidence whether fatty acids in red blood cells are bimodally distributed in schizophrenia is conflicting and data on bimodality in healthy controls are limited. The aim of current study was to investigate whether bimodal distributions of RBC FA concentrations are present in stable patients as compared to controls, and if so whether these distributions differ in form or size between patients and healthy controls.

METHODS

From the GROUP study, a multisite, longitudinal, naturalistic cohort study, we investigated a subset of 215 patients, between 16 and 50 years, with a psychotic disorder and 98 healthy controls, between 16 and 50 years, for which RBC FA measurements were available. We studied a panel of 28 RBC FAs; 7 saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 9 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We did not investigate underlying genetics. The Likelihood Ratio Test was used to compare the goodness of fit of a bimodal or a unimodal distribution of each of the 28 FA concentrations. Hierarchical regressions were used to investigate whether belonging to the lower end of the distribution was associated with higher positive or negative symptom severity.

RESULTS

At baseline, 19 out of 28 FAs are significantly bimodally distributed in patients versus 11 out of 28 FAs in controls (p < .05). As a group, RBC FAs in patients are borderline significant more often bimodally distributed as compared to controls. In contrast to previous studies, for AA, DHA and EPA we did not find a bimodal distribution in patients and an unimodal distribution in controls. Belonging to the lower end of the RBC FA distribution was not associated with positive or negative symptom severity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings do not support the existence of a unique bimodality of RBC FA distribution in relatively stable patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared to controls. Bimodality may be more pronounced in the acute phase of the disease, further research into bimodality should focus on the influence of oxidative stress on levels of FAs and bimodality in (partly) remitted patients as well as acutely ill patients.