Budak Fatma, Cetinkaya Ahmet, Unal Mehmet Altay, Ozkan Sibel A
Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
Food Chem. 2025 Oct 1;488:144883. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144883. Epub 2025 May 23.
The MIP-based electrochemical sensor designed for Lincomycin (LIN) was fabricated using an electropolymerization (EP) approach on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (3 mm) using 3-aminophenyl boronic acid (3-APBA) as a functional monomer. LIN is a biosynthetic drug obtained from the fermentation of streptomycin mutants and a common narrow-spectrum antibiotic with a strong antibacterial effect. The MIP-based electrochemical sensor's active surface area and porosity were increased using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The LIN/AuNPs/ANI@3-APBA/MIP/GCE sensor was evaluated electrochemically and morphologically using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, alterations on the electrode surface at the molecular and electronic levels were assessed using quantum chemistry calculations. The dynamic linear range of both designed sensors under optimized experimental conditions was 1.0 × 10-1.0 × 10 M for DPV and EIS methods. The impact of different interfering agents on the LIN peak current was examined to evaluate the selectivity of the study. In the presence of 1000-fold more interfering agents, RSD % and recovery % values (97.35-109.9 % for DPV and 98.08-108.56 % for EIS) were calculated. The proposed sensor's relative selectivity coefficient (k') was evaluated for both DPV and EIS methods, and it showed good selectivity for LIN in both methods compared to the NIP sensor. Moreover, the designed sensor was successfully applied to determine LIN in milk, apple juice, and orange juice samples. The created sensors were extremely sensitive, consistent, selective, and reproducible against the LIN molecule. Additionally, the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE), Analytical Greenness preparation (AGREEprep), and Analytical Greenness Assessment Tool for Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Synthesis (AGREEMIP) were also used to calculate the study's green profile score.
采用电聚合（EP）方法，以3-氨基苯硼酸（3-APBA）为功能单体，在玻碳电极（GCE，3mm）上制备了用于检测林可霉素（LIN）的基于分子印迹聚合物（MIP）的电化学传感器。LIN是一种由链霉菌突变体发酵获得的生物合成药物，是一种具有强大抗菌作用的常见窄谱抗生素。使用金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）增加了基于MIP的电化学传感器的活性表面积和孔隙率。采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、循环伏安法（CV）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对LIN/AuNPs/ANI@3-APBA/MIP/GCE传感器进行了电化学和形态学评估。此外，还使用量子化学计算评估了电极表面在分子和电子水平上的变化。在优化的实验条件下，两种设计传感器的差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）和EIS方法的动态线性范围均为1.0×10⁻¹.0×10 M。研究了不同干扰剂对LIN峰值电流的影响，以评估该研究的选择性。在存在1000倍以上干扰剂的情况下，计算了相对标准偏差（RSD%）和回收率（%）值（DPV为97.35 - 109.9%，EIS为98.08 - 108.56%）。针对DPV和EIS方法评估了所提出传感器的相对选择性系数（k'），与非印迹聚合物（NIP）传感器相比，两种方法对LIN均显示出良好的选择性。此外，所设计的传感器成功应用于牛奶、苹果汁和橙汁样品中LIN的测定。所制备的传感器对LIN分子具有极高的灵敏度、一致性、选择性和重现性。此外，还使用蓝色适用性等级指数（BAGI）、分析绿色度指标（AGREE）、分析绿色度制备（AGREEprep）和分子印迹聚合物合成分析绿色度评估工具（AGREEMIP）来计算该研究的绿色度评分。
