Mościcki E K, Elkins E F, Baum H M, McNamara P M
Ear Hear. 1985 Jul-Aug;6(4):184-90.
This study used epidemiologic methods to examine hearing loss in the elderly. The Framingham Heart Study Cohort was the reference population. The participants were 935 men and 1358 women, aged 57 to 89 years. Using a conservative definition of hearing loss as threshold levels greater than 20 dB above audiometric zero for at least one frequency from 0.5 to 4 kHz, the prevalence was estimated to be 83%. The majority of cases displayed a sensorineural hearing loss. There were no statistically significant differences by sex at 1 kHz and below. Women had significantly better hearing than men at 2 kHz and above. A multivariate model was constructed to determine which variables had a significant impact upon hearing loss. Under the model, age, sex, illness, family history of hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and noise exposure were significant population risk factors. Age was by far the most critical risk factor.
本研究采用流行病学方法调查老年人的听力损失情况。弗雷明汉心脏研究队列作为参考人群。研究对象为935名男性和1358名女性，年龄在57至89岁之间。采用听力损失的保守定义，即对于0.5至4千赫至少一个频率的听阈水平高于听力零级20分贝以上，估计患病率为83%。大多数病例表现为感音神经性听力损失。在1千赫及以下，性别之间无统计学显著差异。在2千赫及以上，女性听力明显优于男性。构建了一个多变量模型以确定哪些变量对听力损失有显著影响。在该模型下，年龄、性别、疾病、听力损失家族史、梅尼埃病和噪声暴露是重要的人群风险因素。年龄是迄今为止最关键的风险因素。
