External Quality Assessment in Diagnostic Cytopathology: Current Programs, Challenges, and Perspectives.

BACKGROUND

External quality assessment (EQA), including proficiency testing (PT), is a fundamental aspect of laboratory quality management and a key requirement for diagnostic laboratory accreditation.

SUMMARY

This review highlights significant gaps in comprehensive EQA/PT programs for diagnostic non-gynecological cytopathology that fully address all aspects of the diagnostic process, particularly in Europe.

KEY MESSAGES

Current EQA/PT programs for diagnostic cytopathology are mostly regional, national, and only partially cover the examination process. The unique challenges of diagnostic cytopathology, including small and limited patient samples, non-standardized laboratory procedures, biomarker testing tailored to specific cytology samples, and the qualitative subjective nature of cytopathologic reporting, necessitate adapted approaches for effective and meaningful EQA.