Chen Tiangang, Chen Dan, Su Wanting, Liang Jianlan, Liu Xiangning, Cai Mingxiang
The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025 May 14;13:1600227. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1600227. eCollection 2025.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a diverse population of bilayer lipid-membrane vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as ideal drug carriers due to their efficient cellular uptake and targeted delivery capabilities. Advancements in medical and bioengineering collaborations have enabled EVs to be engineered for specific marker expression or therapeutic cargo transport, positioning them as a promising modality for treating cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and beyond. EV-based drug delivery strategies offer distinct advantages, including facilitation of intercellular communication and immune modulation, high biocompatibility and stability, the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, and potential synergistic interactions with encapsulated therapeutics to enhance efficacy. This review explores EV isolation and scalable production, emphasizing cost-effective and reproducible manufacturing strategies, cargo-loading methodologies, and therapeutic applications. Additionally, the current landscape of EV-based targeted drug delivery, clinical translation prospects, and prevailing challenges are examined to provide a comprehensive perspective on their potential in drug delivery systems.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞分泌的多种双层脂质膜囊泡，由于其高效的细胞摄取和靶向递送能力，已成为理想的药物载体。医学和生物工程合作的进展使EVs能够被设计用于特定标志物表达或治疗性货物运输，使其成为治疗癌症、神经疾病、心血管疾病等的有前景的方式。基于EV的药物递送策略具有独特优势，包括促进细胞间通讯和免疫调节、高生物相容性和稳定性、穿越血脑屏障的能力以及与封装的治疗药物潜在的协同相互作用以提高疗效。本综述探讨了EV的分离和可扩展生产，强调了具有成本效益和可重复的制造策略、货物装载方法以及治疗应用。此外，还研究了基于EV的靶向药物递送的现状、临床转化前景和主要挑战，以全面了解其在药物递送系统中的潜力。
