Sathishkumar Govindharaj, Felix Nathan, Ranjan Amit, Uma Arumugam, Rajalakshmi Kalaivanan
Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India.
Directorate of Incubation and Vocational Training in Aquaculture, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Muttukadu, 603 112, Tamil Nadu, India.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 May 29. doi: 10.1007/s12602-025-10598-z.
Incorporating selected functional feed additives such as β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus into fish diets enhances immunity, gut health, growth and stress tolerance. These natural supplements offer sustainable alternatives to antibiotics, addressing disease outbreaks and poor feed efficiency common in intensive aquaculture. Their use supports eco-friendly practices while improving fish performance and overall farm productivity. The impacts of incorporating varied nutritional supplements into the diet, including β-glucan, MOS, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, hemato-biochemical profile and immune gene expression in striped murrel (Channa striata) were examined. Five experimental diets were formulated and prepared as follows: Control, D1 (0.2% β-glucan), D2 (0.3% MOS), D3 (1% Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and D4 (0.02% L. acidophilus). A total of 450 striped murrel (average weight: 15.12 ± 0.26 g per fish) were randomly assigned to 15 experimental cages (1 m × 1 m × 1.5 m; 30 fish per cage) and fed the respective diets three times a day (08.00, 13.00 and 18.00 h) to apparent satiety for 60 days. The findings of the experimental feeding trial elucidated that significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization were observed in fish fed with the D4 diet, compared to other diets. The dietary supplementation of different probiotic and prebiotic supplemented diets did not significantly affect the whole-body proximate composition and antioxidant enzyme activity in striped murrel. However, fish fed the D4 diet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestive enzyme activity and immune gene (TGF-β1 and NF-κB) expression, compared to other diets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.02% L. acidophilus (D4 diet) resulted in improved growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune gene expression in striped murrel (C. striata).
在鱼类饲料中添加特定的功能性饲料添加剂，如β-葡聚糖、甘露寡糖（MOS）、酿酒酵母和嗜酸乳杆菌，可增强免疫力、改善肠道健康、促进生长并提高应激耐受性。这些天然补充剂为抗生素提供了可持续的替代品，可解决集约化水产养殖中常见的疾病爆发和饲料效率低下问题。它们的使用支持了环保做法，同时提高了鱼类性能和养殖场的整体生产力。研究了在条纹鳢（Channa striata）的日粮中添加不同营养补充剂，包括β-葡聚糖、MOS、酵母（酿酒酵母）和嗜酸乳杆菌，对其生长性能、养分利用率、消化和抗氧化酶活性、血液生化指标以及免疫基因表达的影响。配制并制备了五种实验饲料，如下所示：对照饲料、D1（0.2%β-葡聚糖）、D2（0.3%MOS）、D3（1%酿酒酵母）和D4（0.02%嗜酸乳杆菌）。总共450条条纹鳢（平均体重：每条鱼15.12±0.26克）被随机分配到15个实验网箱（1米×1米×1.5米；每个网箱30条鱼）中，每天三次（08:00、13:00和18:00）投喂各自的饲料，直至明显饱足，持续60天。实验性饲养试验的结果表明，与其他饲料相比，投喂D4饲料的鱼的生长性能和养分利用率显著更高（p<0.05）。不同益生菌和益生元补充饲料的日粮添加对条纹鳢的全身近似成分和抗氧化酶活性没有显著影响。然而，与其他饲料相比，投喂D4饲料的鱼的消化酶活性和免疫基因（TGF-β1和NF-κB）表达显著更高（p<0.05）。总之，日粮中添加0.02%嗜酸乳杆菌（D4饲料）可提高条纹鳢（C. striata）的生长性能、消化酶活性和免疫基因表达。
