Hillard A, Myles-Worsley M, Johnston W, Baxter B
Invest Radiol. 1985 Jul;20(4):422-5. doi: 10.1097/00004424-198507000-00017.
Research underway in our laboratory suggests that radiologists may develop a visual representation of a prototypical radiograph (a schema) in the course of clinical training. This schema appears to guide radiologists' interpretations of chest radiographs. Cognitive psychologists have demonstrated schematic processing for familiar events or scenes. In our experiments, experienced radiologists (18.5 years average experience), junior staff radiologists (3.5 years), and first-year radiology residents participated in a simple recognition/memory test of chest radiographs. The test phase followed a training phase in which each radiograph was viewed for 500 milliseconds. Both abnormal and normal chest radiographs were used. Correct responses were recorded during the test phase for measuring recognition memory. Residents showed no significant difference in memory between normal and abnormal films. Observers with greater radiologic experience exhibited poorer memory for normal films and better memory for abnormal films compared with less experienced observers. We hypothesize that the development of radiographic schemata as a result of experience accounts for these findings.
我们实验室正在进行的研究表明，放射科医生在临床培训过程中可能会形成一张典型X光片的视觉表征（一种图式）。这种图式似乎会指导放射科医生对胸部X光片的解读。认知心理学家已经证明了对熟悉事件或场景的图式化处理。在我们的实验中，经验丰富的放射科医生（平均从业经验18.5年）、初级放射科工作人员（3.5年）和一年级放射科住院医师参与了一项关于胸部X光片的简单识别/记忆测试。测试阶段之前是一个训练阶段，在这个阶段中，每张X光片会被展示500毫秒。使用了正常和异常的胸部X光片。在测试阶段记录正确反应以测量识别记忆。住院医师在正常和异常片子的记忆方面没有显著差异。与经验较少的观察者相比，放射学经验更丰富的观察者对正常片子的记忆较差，而对异常片子的记忆较好。我们推测，这些发现是由于经验导致的X光片图式的发展所致。
