Zhai Minzi, Zhao Sijin, Guo Hua, Li Xiangcheng, Shi Xuetao, He Mukun, Zhang Yali, Gu Junwei
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2025 Jul 30;70(14):2347-2364. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.04.074. Epub 2025 May 15.
As electromagnetic pollution intensifies and the demand for high-precision electronic equipment increases, the development of high-performance, adaptable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high-performance and adaptability has become a research focus. Inspired by natural structures, bionic designs offer unique advantages for the fabrication of advanced EMI shielding materials. These materials provide effective electromagnetic wave attenuation and are lightweight, flexible, and environmentally adaptable, thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional EMI shielding materials. This review systematically summarises the latest advancements in bionic-structured EMI shielding composites. This paper first introduces the design principles of bionic structures and then focuses on typical bioinspired systems, including nacre, honeycomb, leaf vein structures, and other nature-inspired structures. This review further explores common fabrication techniques and the structure-property relationships of materials with such structures, with a particular focus on performance optimisation strategies. Additionally, we examine the conformational relationships and underlying mechanisms governing the performance enhancements of bionic-structured EMI shielding composites. The challenges and future prospects of bionic-structured EMI shielding composites are also analyzed. This review aims to provide theoretical insights into structural innovation and performance enhancement, promoting the application of bionic-structured EMI shielding composites in aerospace, smart wearables, and medical electronics. This paper is expected to pave the way for the development of next-generation electromagnetic protection materials.
随着电磁污染加剧以及对高精度电子设备的需求增加，开发具有高性能和适应性的高性能电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽材料已成为研究热点。受自然结构启发，仿生设计为先进EMI屏蔽材料的制造提供了独特优势。这些材料能有效衰减电磁波，且重量轻、柔韧性好、环境适应性强，从而克服了传统EMI屏蔽材料的局限性。本综述系统总结了仿生结构EMI屏蔽复合材料的最新进展。本文首先介绍了仿生结构的设计原理，然后重点阐述了典型的仿生系统，包括珍珠层、蜂窝、叶脉结构以及其他受自然启发的结构。本综述进一步探讨了常见的制造技术以及具有此类结构的材料的结构-性能关系，特别关注性能优化策略。此外，我们研究了仿生结构EMI屏蔽复合材料性能增强的构效关系和潜在机制。还分析了仿生结构EMI屏蔽复合材料面临的挑战和未来前景。本综述旨在为结构创新和性能提升提供理论见解，推动仿生结构EMI屏蔽复合材料在航空航天、智能可穿戴设备和医疗电子领域的应用。本文有望为下一代电磁防护材料的发展铺平道路。
