Kun Bernadette, Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
NAP3.0 - SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
BMC Psychol. 2025 May 29;13(1):578. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02907-6.
The current comprehensive study investigated the relationship between work addiction (WA), personality traits, and motivations, focusing on their roles in WA persistence and recovery. The objective was to explore the capacity of personality dimensions and work motivation to predict the chronicity of WA, symptom variation, and gender differences. Over a four-year study of 586 participants (51.4% female), the Bergen Work Addiction Scale was used to assess WA at two time points. Individual differences were assessed by Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, short Brief Symptom Inventory, Ruminative Response Scale, and Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale at Time 1. Latent class analysis identified two primary groups in the entire sample: individuals with persistent WA and those without. While females aligned with these groups, males exhibited five distinct latent classes. In females, chronic WA was associated with lower self-esteem, higher self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism, rumination, psychological distress, and increased extrinsic motivation. In males, the chronic WA group exhibited heightened levels of perfectionism, rumination, psychopathological distress, lower self-esteem, and elevated extrinsic and introjected regulations compared to the other WA groups. These findings emphasize the possibility of WA persisting over an extended period, with personality traits and motivations playing a significant role in this endurance. These results not only advance our understanding of WA but also provide valuable insights for future research on protective factors against WA. Furthermore, the findings have significant practical implications, including addressing excessive perfectionism in work environments and offering avenues for future research.
当前的综合研究调查了工作成瘾（WA）、人格特质和动机之间的关系，重点关注它们在WA持续存在和恢复中的作用。目的是探索人格维度和工作动机预测WA慢性化、症状变化及性别差异的能力。在一项对586名参与者（51.4%为女性）进行的为期四年的研究中，使用卑尔根工作成瘾量表在两个时间点评估WA。在时间1，通过罗森伯格自尊量表、自恋钦佩与竞争问卷、多维完美主义量表、简短症状清单、反刍反应量表和多维工作动机量表评估个体差异。潜在类别分析在整个样本中确定了两个主要组：持续存在WA的个体和没有WA的个体。虽然女性与这些组相符，但男性表现出五个不同的潜在类别。在女性中，慢性WA与较低的自尊、较高的自我导向和社会规定的完美主义、反刍、心理困扰以及外在动机增加有关。在男性中，与其他WA组相比，慢性WA组表现出更高水平的完美主义、反刍、精神病理困扰、较低的自尊以及更高的外在和内摄调节。这些发现强调了WA长期持续存在的可能性，人格特质和动机在这种持续性中起着重要作用。这些结果不仅增进了我们对WA的理解，还为未来关于WA保护因素的研究提供了有价值的见解。此外，这些发现具有重要的实际意义，包括解决工作环境中过度的完美主义问题，并为未来研究提供途径。
